الاسئلة فى انترفيو فى مجال Network and Help Desk and IT Engineer
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f you are given the IP address can u tell how many computers can be connected?What do you look at
The answer is yes.
This all depends on the type of IP address.That is the class it belongs to.All that is needed to be done is to subnet the given IP adress.
Depending on the address given (Class A, Class B, or Class C) you can determine how many hosts are available. This is also subject to whether the address is classless or classful. If it is classful the a Class C address can have 254 valid hosts, a Class B can have 64,534 and a Class A can allow over 16 million hosts!
If the address is classless then more focus is on the subnet mask. To illustrate a quick example, if you had the subnet address 255.255.255.240, you know that it is a Class C address, but the last octet has been subnetted. Converting 240 into binary gives 11110000. This means that 4 bits were used for subnetting (1111) and four bits are left for addresses (0000). If you did all the possible ranges in binary, starting with 0000 and working all the way til 1111 you see that you get 16 binary instances. Knowing that you cannot use the first and last address you are left with 14, and since the .240 address splits the octet down the middle, you get 14 subnets and 14 valid hosts
What is a different between switch and Hub
HUb: limiteded port compare to switch.less speed compare to switch because
more collision.
Switch: To Avoid collision we use switch. In switch Each Port having own collision Domain.
HUB:Hub is a layer-1 device,in this data transmission in the form of bits.
SWITCH:Switch is a layer-2 device,in this data transmission in the form of frames.
hub:it is a multiple-port repeater.any signals send via the hub is transmitted to all the the ports on the hub..........
switch:it transmit data only to the destination
port
Why should we care about the OSI Reference Model ? What is the main purpose for creating this osi model? why it is a layered model?
The OSI model is conceptual representation of the data communication in a computer network. The layered model is to easily intrpret the process of data communication. Different protocols act at diff layers.
The 7 layers from top are
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data lnink
Physical
This model is standard for data communication. Its an open source its available free.
The purpose of this model is to communicate between two systems.
One layer is independent of other layer
We Shud care about this model cuz this was the 1st model to be created for internet standard.
so this is a internet standard model n all the standard made after this model follow all the rules of this model too
Main purpose to create this model is sending data from one terminal to another terminal without ny loss in data
It's layered model cuz every layer is used for some specific work n one layer is not capable to do all the things.
What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of DHCP?
Advantages
All the IP configuration information gets automatically configured for your client machine by the DHCP server.
If you move your client machine to a different subnet, the client will send out its discover message at boot time and work as usual. However, when you first boot up there you will not be able to get back the IP address you had at your previous location regardless of how little time has passed.
Disadvantage
Your machine name does not change when you get a new IP address. The DNS (Domain Name System) name is associated with your IP address and therefore does change. This only presents a problem if other clients try to access your machine by its DNS name.
Your machine name does not change when you get a new IP address. The DNS (Domain Name System) name is associated with your IP address and therefore does change. This only presents a problem if other clients try to access your machine by its DNS name.
What is Recovery Console?
Recovery Console:That helps you restore your operating system when you cannot start your system.
What is ERD(Emergency Repair Disk)?
Emergency Repair Disk, an ERD is a diskette that creates backups of important system files and settings and is used to help troubleshootand fix issues for Microsoft WINNT and WIN 2000. The ERD is used in conjunction with the Windows repair option and you will be prompted for the diskette when needed. Note: The ERD is not to be confused with a standard boot diskette as it cannot be used alone.
The ERD is capable of performing such checks as:
1. Verifying the boot sector is not corrupt.
2. Repairing any startup files.
3. Locate any missing or damaged system files.
What is the difference between POP3 and IMAP Mail Server?
POP3 is Email clients download your emails onto your computer. Using a specialized email program such as Outlook Express or Apple Mail has the advantage of giving you complete control over your email; every email you receive is placed on your computer and you can keep as many large file attachments as you want.
IMAP is protocol that is being used in ***mail. Checking your email through our ***mail is similar to using Hotmail or YAHOO! Mail. You never actually copy your messages to your computer; in fact, you are looking at them through your *** browser on somebody else's computer. When you are not online, you are not able to see your email.
what is .ost file
n Microsoft Office Outlook 2003, a new offline folder file format is introduced that offers greater storage capacity for items and folders and supports multilingual Unicode data. An offline file folder is used to keep a local copy of your Exchange Server mailbox on your computer. The items in your .ost file are synchronized with the server when a connection is available.
Steps for offline file folder:-
1. On the File menu, click Work Offline.
2. Select or clear the Prompt me at startup so I may choose to work offline or online check box, and then click OK. If you clear the check box, Outlook will automatically start offline if a connection to the server is not available.
3. Click Yes to copy the data from the server to your new Offline Folder file (.ost).
Whatz the difference between DNS and WINS?
DNS- Domain Name Server or Services.
WINS- Windows Internet Name Service.
DNS is resolve the *** site name to IP address or you can say.
In WINS used a file name those is LMhost, this file in the System32, and when we put the ***sit name and its IP address, then it resolve the particular IP address those insert in the LMhost file.
DNS service is used to resolve ***site names to IP address.
WINS is used to identify computers by their computer names in a LAN. Network Administrators can configure a WINS server in a LAN and using this server all machines connected to the LAN can be identified. WINS provides IP to Computer name mapping
How can we create VPN to connect to branch office of the same office.what would be the priliminary requirment?
First of all what is VPN." VPN " stand for Virtual Private Network .Next how it works and where it is used . VPN works when the IP Conficts and IP is conflict because we dont use the PUBLIC IP means the IP we use is may be used by onther Company or Branch then we use VPN it works in the MAC address principal means it doesnot work on the IP it works Over the IP . And COMPUTER ,INTERNET or INTRANET, DHCP is required for the VPN .
We can connect to branch office of the same office thru a vpn by using backbone network provided by a service provider. ISP will provide till customer premises and customer at both sites shud use routers (CPE) to connect to the provider network. Packets are tranferred over the provider network as if it is a private network i.e packets from a specific customer are never forwarded to an interface of a router on the backbone network which is not configured for that VPN. Although data of many customers are forwarded on the backbone, the end user feels as if it is a private network.
The preliminary requirement is that u must order for a leased / dedicated line from ISP.
What is layer-3 switch?
routing depends on ip address : layer 3 s/w
routing depends on mac- address : layer 2 s/w
What is an email client? what is differnce between email client and *** mail?
Email Client
Email clients download your emails onto your computer. Using a specialized email program such as Outlook Express or Apple Mail has the advantage of giving you complete control over your email; every email you receive is placed on your computer and you can keep as many large file attachments as you want.
***mail:
If you host with Needmore Designs, you have a limited amount of space available for your *** mailbox. For daily use, you will want to use an email client. Nevertheless, you might find that you want to check your email while traveling.
Checking your email through our ***mail is similar to using Hotmail or YAHOO! Mail. You never actually copy your messages to your computer; in fact, you are looking at them through your *** browser on somebody else's computer. When you are not online, you are not able to see your email.
what is the vlan ? how it is work
Vlan is virtual Lan...
vlan have 2 main advantages:
1] it is used for security purpose, eg by making vlan u can diffenrentiate group.
2]u can increase collision domain, so collision is reduced
A virtual (or logical) LAN is a local area network with a definition that maps workstations on some other basis than geographic location (for example, by department, type of user, or primary application). The virtual LAN controller can change or add workstations and manage load balancing and bandwidth allocation more easily than with a physical picture of the LAN. Network management software keeps track of relating the virtual picture of the local area network with the actual physical picture
Name three network tools used to determine where a network connectivity is lost between two sites A&B.
PING
TRACEROUTE
PATHPING
Which protocol is used for retrieving mails?
POP3 and IMAP4 are used to retrieve mails.
IMAP4 stores a copy of message on the server whereas POP3 does not.
What is piggy backing?
Piggybacking is gaining access to restricted communication channel by using session that another user has already established. Piggybacking can be defeated by logging off before leaving a workstation or terminal or by initiating a protected mode, such as via a screensaver, that requires re-authentication before access can be resumed
What is the default subnet mask for an ipv6 address ?
255.255.255.255.255.0
What is fragmentation of a packet ?
Frames
Packet data unit(PDU)is called
----------------
segment at transport layer
packet at a network layer
frame at data link and
bit/bytes at physical layer
Maximum Transmission Unit is the largest physical packet size, measured in bytes, that a network can transmit. Any messages larger than the MTU are divided into smaller packets before being sent.
Every network has a different MTU, which is set by the network administrator. On Windows 95, you can also set the MTU of your machine. This defines the maximum size of the packets sent from your computer onto the network. Ideally, you want the MTU to be the same as the smallest MTU of all the networks between your machine and a message's final destination. Otherwise, if your messages are larger than one of the intervening MTUs, they will get broken up (fragmented), which slows down transmission speeds.
Trial and error is the only sure way of finding the optimal MTU, but there are some guidelines that can help. For example, the MTU of many PPP connections is 576, so if you connect to the Internet via PPP, you might want to set your machine's MTU to 576 too. Most Ethernet Networks on the other hand, have an MTU of 1500, which is the default MTU setting for Windows 95.
Name any field of IP header that can prevent a packet to loop infinitely ?
obviously it s time to live(TTL)
it fixes up a time to reach,if it s not reached within that stipulated time,it is being killed by the auto timer...
Under what situations a packet can go into infinite loop in a network ?
if there are more than one way for reaching a particular router from the same source router.
Describe a 3-way TCP/IP Handshake.
To establish a connection, TCP uses a 3-way handshake. Before a client attempts to connect with a server, he server must first bind to a port to open it up for connections: this is called a passive open. Once the passive open is established then a client may initiate an active open. To establish a connection, the 3-way (or 3-step) handshake occurs:
The active open is performed by sending a SYN to the server.
In response, the server replies with a SYN-ACK.
Finally the client sends an ACK back to the server.
At this point, both the client and server have received an acknowledgement of the connection.
when we want to connect to server for communication we need to establish a connection between server and client. The procedure used for this is called 3-way handshake...this is described as follows
1. Initillay the server is ready to accept the incoming connection by binding to local port. This is called passive open.
2. The client now can connect to server by sending SYN J segment to server. The server responds with SYN J+1 and ACK K
3. At the end the client sends ACK K+1 to server..
At this stage we say that client and server are connected
What difference between a directory and active directry
An Directory is the data**** that holds information about component locations, users, groups, passwords, security, and other COM information. Some of this information is currently stored in the Registry, but will eventually (with Windows 2000) be moved to the Active Directory.
The main difference between of Directory and AD is Directory is the repository of data stored but AD not only stores data but have the services by which stored data can be available to the users.
What does CIDR stand for?
CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) is a way to allocate and specify the Internet addresses used in inter-domain routing
What is a Bridge? When is it used? How is a bridge configured? What are the softwareand hardware components of a bridge?A bridge is an layer 2 device - it works ****d on mac address. bridge is s/w ****d.
It is usually used to bridge 2 networks (or even more in recent times)
Bridge is configured by having the the mac address of the switches connected directly to it.
Can we use static and dynamic routing in one network?
DHCP is only available on newer IOS-****d switches. For example, Catalyst 3550 and 3750 offer DHCP.
Let us take Cisco 2611 router running IOS12.2
To begin, connect the router's Ethernet port to a switch, and connect the switch to a laptop, which will serve as the DHCP client.
To configure Cisco IOS DHCP, follow these steps, which include sample commands:
Configure an IP address on the router's Ethernet port, and bring up the interface. (On an existing router, you would have already done this.)
Router(config)# interface ethernet0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
Router(config-if)# no shutdown
Create a DHCP IP address pool for the IP addresses you want to use.
Router (config)# ip dhcp pool mypool
Specify the network and subnet for the addresses you want to use from the pool.
Router(dhcp-config)# network 1.1.1.0 /8
Specify the DNS domain name for the clients.
Router(dhcp-config)#domain-name mydomain.com
Specify the primary and secondary DNS servers
Router(dhcp-config)#dns-server 1.1.1.10 1.1.1.11
Specify the default router (i.e., default gateway).
Router(dhcp-config)#default-router 1.1.1.1
Specify the lease duration for the addresses you're using from the pool.
Router(dhcp-config)#lease 7
Exit Pool Configuration Mode.
Router(dhcp-config)#exit
This takes you back to the global configuration prompt. Next, exclude any addresses in the pool range that you don't want to hand out.
For example, let's say that you've decided that all IP addresses up to .100 will be for static IP devices such as servers and printers. All IP addresses above .100 will be available in the pool for DHCP clients.
Next, enter the ipconfig /renew command on the laptop to receive an IP address. After you have the IP address, enter the ipconfig /all command.
What is the difference between physical address and logical address
A Physical address is a 48-bit flat address burned into the ROM of the NIC cardwhich is a Layer1 device of the OSI model. This iis divided into 24-bit vendor code and 24-bit serial address. This is unique for each system and cannot be changed.
A Logical address is a 32- bit address assigned to each system in a network. This works in Layer-3 of OSI Model. This would be generally the IP address.
Simply we can say that Physical address is MAC address (Media Access Control) which inbuilt and Logical Address is the IP which is given manually.
What is the difference between collision domain and broadcast domain
Broadcast Domain: A set of all devices that recieve broadcast frames originating from any device within the set. Broadcast domains are typically bounded by routers (or, in a switched network, by VLANs) because routers do not forward broadcast frames.
Collision Domain: In Ethernet, the network area within which frames that have collided are propagated. Repeaters and Hubs prpagate collisions, LAN switches and bridges do not.
What is supernetting?why it is used
Supernetting refers to increase host and reduce the subnet's. It mean reduce the network bits and increase the host bits. We do use supernetting because when the PCs in the network increase where we need the more valid IP's in the same network
What is PING utility?.
PING stands Packet Internet Gopher. This is a utility for ensuring connectivity between computers. ICMP protocol works behind this utility. Under it , sending node sends packets to destination node and reply is received if there is proper communication between two.
PING : Packet Internet Gropper
it's a diagnostic utility , which diagnose devices connectivity.
it use ICMP: Internet Control Messaging protocol to send echo requests ( usually 4 packets) and receive echo replies (4 packets)
What is subnetting? why is it used?
A portion of a network that shares a common address component. On TCP/IP networks, subnets are defined as all devices whose IP Address have the same prefix. For example, all devices with IP addresses that start with 100.100.100. would be part of the same subnet. Dividing a network into subnets is useful for both security and performance reasons. IP networks are divided using a subnet mask
Supernetting is dividing the Subnet into different subnets each one of them has its particular required needs , such as Number of Networks and Number of Hosts
What is a VLAN?What does VLAN provide?
A technology called VLAN (Virtual LAN broadcast domains logically segmented on an Ethernet Switch trunking that was once primarily the domain of network switches has now trickled down to the rest of the Data Center to address these issues. Now it is possible for these multi-homing devices to be multi-homing in function without the need for multiple physical network adapters and the additional infrastructure associated with them. VLAN trunking allows a single network adapter to behave as “n” number of virtual network adapters, where ”n” has a theoretical upper limit of 4096 but is typically limited to 1000 VLAN network segments. In the case where a single gigabit Ethernet adapter is trunked in place of using multiple FastEthernet adapters, higher performance at a lower cost while increasing flexibility can be achieved. This really is the best of all worlds. In this article, I will give you an overview of VLAN trunking, how it works what it is used for.
VLAN is a technology by which we can administratively assign different ports of the same layer2 switch to different subnetworks. This is particularly useful when different departments of a company have offices in different floors of the same office. The different departments can be connected via a layer2 switch , which is having configuration for other subnetwork also. So practically the same switch acts as if it is more than one. Packets destined for the specific subnetwork are forwarded to those ports only. But the switch does not make any routing decisions. For interconnecting different subnetworks, routers are needed.
VLAN essentially provides segmentation between different subnetworks.
Difference between the communication and transmission. Transmission is a physical movement of information and concern issues like bit polarity, synchronisation, clock etc. Communication means the meaning full exchange of information between two communication media.
Transmission means the transfer of data from the source to the destination.
Communication is the process of sending and recieving data by means of a dta cable that is connected externally.
transmission:transfer of data only in one direction.
communication:transfer of data from both side...
What is the Network Time Protocol
The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a protocol for synchronising the clocks of computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency data networks. NTP uses UDP as its transport layer. It is designed particularly to resist the effects of variable latency.
What is RAID
RAID - Redundant Array of Independent / Inexpensive Disks. RAID has many different levels such as 0 1 2 3 4 5 10 01 etc.
We use RAID to protect our data from hardware failure (Hard disk). RAID 5 is used commonly for safeguarding our data.
What are the two types of transmission technology available
1 synchronous txn
2 asynchronous txn
What is ICMP?
ICMP is Internet Control Message Protocol, a network layer protocol of the TCP/IP suite used by hosts and gateways to send notification of datagram problems back to the sender. It uses the echo test / reply to test whether a destination is reachable and responding. It also handles both control and error messages.
What are the data units at different layers of the TCP / IP protocol suite?
The data unit created at the application layer is called a message, at the transport layer the data unit created is called either a segment or an user datagram, at the network layer the data unit created is called the datagram, at the data link layer the datagram is encapsulated in to a frame and finally transmitted as signals along the transmission media.
What is Project 802?
It is a project started by IEEE to set standards that enable intercommunication between equipment from a variety of manufacturers. It is a way for specifying functions of the physical layer, the data link layer and to some extent the network layer to allow for interconnectivity of major LAN protocols.
It consists of the following:
802.1 is an internetworking standard for compatibility of different LANs and MANs across protocols.
802.2 Logical link control (LLC) is the upper sublayer of the data link layer which is non-architecture-specific, that is remains the same for all IEEE-defined LANs.
Media Access Control (MAC) is the lower sublayer of the data link layer that contains some distinct modules each carrying proprietary information specific to the LAN product being used. The modules are
Ethernet LAN (802.3), Token ring LAN (802.4), Token bus LAN (802.5).
802.6 is distributed queue dual bus (DQDB) designed to be used in MANs.
802.1 - Network Management (Bridging)
802.2 - EthernetII (Logical Link)
802.3 - Bus topology (CSMA/CD)
802.4 - Token BUS
802.5 - Token Ring
802.6 - For MAN(DQDB -Distributed Queue Dual BUS)
802.7 - BroadBand LAN Networks
802.8 - Optical Fiber Cabling practices
802.9 - Isochronous LAN (Integrated Services LAN)
802.10 - Interoperable LAN Security
802.11 - Wireless wi-fi
What is Bandwidth?
Every line has an upper limit and a lower limit on the frequency of signals it can carry. This limited range is called the bandwidth
Difference between bit rate and baud rate?
Bit rate is the number of bits transmitted during one second whereas baud rate refers to the number of signal units per second that are required to represent those bits.
baud rate = bit rate / N
where N is no-of-bits represented by each signal shift.
What is Mac Address?
The address for a device as it is identified at the Media Access Control (MAC) layer in the network architecture. MAC address is usually stored in ROM on the network adapter card and is unique.
What is attenuation?
The degeneration of a signal over distance on a network cable is called attenuation. What is cladding?
A layer of a glass surrounding the center fiber of glass inside a fiber-optic cable.
What is NETBIOS and NETBEUI?
NETBIOS is a programming interface that allows I/O requests to be sent to and received from a remote computer and it hides the Networking hardware from applications.
NETBEUI is NetBIOS extended user interface. A transport protocol designed by microsoft and IBM for the use on small subnets.
What is redirector?
Redirector is software that intercepts file or prints I/O requests and translates them into network requests. This comes under presentation layer.
What is Beaconing?
The process that allows a network to self-repair networks problems. The stations on the network notify the other stations on the ring when they are not receiving the transmissions. Beaconing is used in Token ring and FDDI networks.
What is terminal emulation, in which layer it comes
Telnet is also called as terminal emulation. It belongs to application layer.
What is frame relay, in which layer it comes?
Frame relay is a packet switching technology. It will operate in the data link layer.
What do you meant by "triple X" in Networks?
The function of PAD (Packet Assembler Disassembler) is described in a ******** known as X.3. The standard protocol has been defined between the terminal and the PAD, called X.28; another standard protocol exists between hte PAD and the network, called X.29. Together, these three recommendations are often called "triple X".
What is SAP?
Series of interface points that allow other computers to communicate with the other layers of network protocol stack.
What is subnet?
A generic term for section of a large networks usually separated by a bridge or router.
What is Brouter?
Hybrid devices that combine the features of both bridges and routers.
How Gateway is different from Routers?
A gateway operates at the upper levels of the OSI model and translates information between two completely different network architectures or data formats.
What are the different type of networking / internetworking devices?
Repeater:
Also called a regenerator, it is an electronic device that operates only at physical layer. It receives the signal in the network before it becomes weak, regenerates the original bit pattern and puts the *******ed copy back in to the link.
Bridges:
These operate both in the physical and data link layers of LANs of same type. They divide a larger network in to smaller segments. They contain logic that allow them to keep the traffic for each segment separate and thus are repeaters that relay a frame only the side of the segment containing the intended recipent and control congestion.
Routers:
They relay packets among multiple interconnected networks (i.e. LANs of different type). They operate in the physical, data link and network layers. They contain software that enable them to determine which of the several possible paths is the best for a particular transmission.
Gateways:
They relay packets among networks that have different protocols (e.g. between a LAN and a WAN). They accept a packet formatted for one protocol and convert it to a packet formatted for another protocol before forwarding it. They operate in all seven layers of the OSI model.
What is mesh network?
A network in which there are multiple network links between computers to provide multiple paths for data to travel.
What is passive topology?
When the computers simply listen and receive the signal, they are referred to as passive because they don’t amplify the signal in any way.
Example for passive topology - linear bus.
What are the important topologies for networks?
BUS topology:
In this each computer s directly connected to primary network cable in a single line.
Advantages:
Inexpensive, easy to install, simple to understand, easy to extend.
STAR topology:
In this all computers are connected using a central hub.
Advantages:
Can be inexpensive, easy to install and reconfigure and easy to trouble shoot physical problems.
RING topology:
In this all computers are connected in loop.
Advantages:
All computers have equal access to network media, installation can be simple, and signal does not degrade as much as in other topologies because each computer regenerates it.
What are major types of networks and explain?
Server-****d network.
Peer-to-peer network.
Peer-to-peer network, computers can act as both servers sharing resources and as clients using the resources.
Server-****d networks provide centralized control of network resources and rely on server computers to provide security and network administration.
What is Protocol Data Unit?
The data unit in the LLC level is called the protocol data unit (PDU). The PDU contains of four fields a destination service access point (DSAP), a source service access point (SSAP), a control field and an information field. DSAP, SSAP are addresses used by the LLC to identify the protocol stacks on the receiving and sending machines that are generating and using the data. The control field specifies whether the PDU frame is a information frame (I - frame) or a supervisory frame (S - frame) or a
unnumbered frame (U - frame).
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الخميس، 19 يناير 2012
كيف تبدأ مشروعك الناشئ بـ" 4 خطوات ". .
.كيف تبدأ مشروعك الناشئ بـ" 4 خطوات ".
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البدايات عادة ما تكون صعبة . دائماً ما نتردد في بداية أي أمر في حياتنا، قد يكون هو الخوف من التغيير ، أو الخوف من الفشل ، أو الخوف من المشاكل و المصاعب التي قد نواجهها.
فيما يتعلق بمشروعك الناشئ ، فالعديد من الشباب لديهم من الأفكار و المخططات الكثير و بالتأكيد أنت أحدهم ، و لكن قد تكون البداية غير واضحة ، و قد يتردد السؤال الأزلي : هل أنا مستعد للبدء ؟ هل أنا في أفضل وضع مادي و معنوي و ذهني لكي أبدأ !
ما أود تأكيده لك هو أنك دائما جاهز لتطبيق فكرتك ، برأيي الشخص هذه الخطوات الأربع ستكون أفضل طريقة لبداية مشروعك و الاستمرار في تنفيذه.
أولاً : امتلك الفكرة !
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بلا أدنى شك ، هذا هو المفتاح الرئيسي لمشروعك . لكن لا تضيع وقتاً كبيراً في التفكير بالفكرة بحد ذاتها إذا كنت تعتقد أن الفكرة التي تمتلكها فكرة مذهلة. أما اذا لم تمتلك بعد تلك الفكرة فحاول أن تطور وعيك و قدراتك في المهام اليومية التي تؤديها ، خاصة تلك التي تقع ضمن دائرة شغفك و حماسك .
لا تنسى ـنه من المهم جداً ان تعمل على شيء تعشقه بحق ، فهذا ما ستنجح فيه فعلاً. لكي تولد فكرتك ، ركز على أي أمر يمكنك فعله بطريقة أفضل و بمجهود أقل . أفضل الأفكار هي تلك التي ستستخدمها بنفسك كل يوم أو أنك ستكون مستعد للدفع من أجلها في حال كانت موجودة فعلاً !
نقطة إضافية ، تذكر أن عملك و مجهودك الذي ستبذله في التحليل و التفكير في فكرة غير ناجحة سيكسبك خبرة أكبر من انتظار الفكرة الرائعة كي تنزل عليك ! فكر و ابدأ جلسات العصف الذهني لتحليل أفكارك في مخيلتك و من ثم قرر . هذا المجهود ما هو إلا عملية استرجاع لخبراتك و أفكارك المتراكمة في عقلك إلى منطقة العقل الواعي مما سيساعدك في صقل فكرتك بشكل أفضل لأن خبراتك أصبحت قريبة و سهلة التناول .
ثانياً: قطعها إلى أجزاء
============
أياً كانت فكرتك ، فإن تقسيمها إلى أجزاء صغيرة أمر مهم جداً . قطعها حتى تعتقد أنها صغيرة جداً لكن مازالت ذات قيمة. الآن هذه هي نسختك الأولى من المشروع ! في الواقع فحتى هذه الفكرة الصغيرة مازلت أعتبرها كبيرة جداً !
إذا لم تقم بإزالة و قص بعض المزايا و الخصائص من فكرتك الرئيسة فأنت على الأغلب “لن تطلق مشروعك أبداً ” . اعرف ما الذي تفكر فيه ، أنت تقول الآن “ إذا اطلقت فكرتي بهذا الحجم فإنها ستكون بلا معنى ، من سيستخدم منتجي وهو بالكاد يكون قابل للاستخدام ؟“
حسناً ، أنت أمام خيارين ، إما أن تطلق هذه الفكرة المتناهية في الصغر ، أو أنك لن تطلق شيء لنأخذ الأمور بواقعية ، إذا كان مشروعك يستهدف 10 آلاف عميل ، فلتطلق النسخة المتناهية الصغر من فكرتك و ليستخدمها فقط 500 شخص . الهدف من هذا هو أن تحس بأن هناك إنجاز خرج على أرض الواقع. هذا هو ما سيدفعك لتواصل العمل ، أما إن أصريت على إكمال الفكرة بشكل كامل فلن تكون أفضل حالاً من الغالبية العظمى الذين فشلوا بإطلاق مشاريعهم عندما أصروا على إطلاقها بالإصدار الكامل
ثالثاً : شارك الفكرة ، احصل على الآراء
=====================
هذه أيضا خطوة مهمة ، و هي عادة ما يتم تجاهلها نهائيا من قبل أصحاب المشاريع الناشئة (خوفاً من أن تسرق الفكرة). البعض لا يفكر فيها أساساً و لا تخطر على باله. ببساطة ، تجاوز هذه الخطوة قد يكون السبب في تدمير مشروعك في مرحلة حساسة .
اعرض فكرتك كفرضية لشيء تعتقد أنه سينجح وسيعمل بالشكل الذي تراه. يجب أن تدافع عن الفكرة و تختبر فرضيتك بصرامة شديدة بعرضها على من تشاركهم بالفكرة. في الحقيقة هناك هدف آخر من مشاركة الفكرة ، ألا و هو الحصول على التحفيز. ستفتقد التحفيز إذا عملت على تطوير مشروعك لفترة طويلة دون أن تعرض مشروعك و تحصل على الآراء في كل مرحلة من مراحله.
احصل على الأراء لتصحح فكرتك و تختبرها، و لكن الأهم هو أن تحصل على الآراء لتشعر بشعور رائع و محفز تجاه ما تقوم به. إن سماعك لعبارة مثل : “متى راح يخلص ؟ متحمس أجربه ” سيكون وقعها كالسحر على طاقتك و حماسك لإنهاء المشروع.
لن يحطم مشروعك خلل تقني ، أو خطأ في السياسة التسويقية ، لكن سيقضى على مشروعك بشكل كامل في حال فقدت التحفيز.
رابعاً : انطلق بشجاعة
============
لن تجد الأمر سهلاً ، لكن إذا تجاوزت الخطوات السابقة ، فإن كل ما سيتبقى لعمله هو القليل من الشجاعة.
لا تغرق نفسك بالتفاصيل الدقيقة . متى سأطلق المشروع ؟ هل سأحتاج لشخص متخصص في التسويق ؟ ماذا عن نظام قواعد البيانات ؟ أليس من الأفضل أن أسلم تصميم الجرافيكس لشخص متخصص ؟ أوووه الشعار والمطبوعات !!
حسناً ، توقف عن كل هذا ، لا تزعج نفسك بذلك ، التفكير بكل هذه التفاصيل قبل البدء بالمشروع هذا هو الأسلوب التقليدي لإدارة المشاريع ، قد يكون هذا الأسلوب جيد لمشروع يعمل فيه عشرات الأشخاص و ينفذ لصالح شركة عملاقة حيث الأخطاء تكلف الملايين . لكن في حالة مشروعك الناشئ فإن الأخطاء لا تكلف شيء ، بالعكس الأخطاء تمنحك المزيد من الخبرة ، إن أعظم ما يمكنك فعله في مشروعك الناشئ هو أن تخطئ .. حاول أن تجعل ذلك يحدث مبكراً .
(التحفظ الزائد سيمنعك من اكتشاف أخطائك مبكراً ).. لذلك تحلى بالشجاعة وانطلق
أسأل الله أن أكون قد قدمت معلومة مفيدة . بالتوفيق للجميع
========================
البدايات عادة ما تكون صعبة . دائماً ما نتردد في بداية أي أمر في حياتنا، قد يكون هو الخوف من التغيير ، أو الخوف من الفشل ، أو الخوف من المشاكل و المصاعب التي قد نواجهها.
فيما يتعلق بمشروعك الناشئ ، فالعديد من الشباب لديهم من الأفكار و المخططات الكثير و بالتأكيد أنت أحدهم ، و لكن قد تكون البداية غير واضحة ، و قد يتردد السؤال الأزلي : هل أنا مستعد للبدء ؟ هل أنا في أفضل وضع مادي و معنوي و ذهني لكي أبدأ !
ما أود تأكيده لك هو أنك دائما جاهز لتطبيق فكرتك ، برأيي الشخص هذه الخطوات الأربع ستكون أفضل طريقة لبداية مشروعك و الاستمرار في تنفيذه.
أولاً : امتلك الفكرة !
==========
بلا أدنى شك ، هذا هو المفتاح الرئيسي لمشروعك . لكن لا تضيع وقتاً كبيراً في التفكير بالفكرة بحد ذاتها إذا كنت تعتقد أن الفكرة التي تمتلكها فكرة مذهلة. أما اذا لم تمتلك بعد تلك الفكرة فحاول أن تطور وعيك و قدراتك في المهام اليومية التي تؤديها ، خاصة تلك التي تقع ضمن دائرة شغفك و حماسك .
لا تنسى ـنه من المهم جداً ان تعمل على شيء تعشقه بحق ، فهذا ما ستنجح فيه فعلاً. لكي تولد فكرتك ، ركز على أي أمر يمكنك فعله بطريقة أفضل و بمجهود أقل . أفضل الأفكار هي تلك التي ستستخدمها بنفسك كل يوم أو أنك ستكون مستعد للدفع من أجلها في حال كانت موجودة فعلاً !
نقطة إضافية ، تذكر أن عملك و مجهودك الذي ستبذله في التحليل و التفكير في فكرة غير ناجحة سيكسبك خبرة أكبر من انتظار الفكرة الرائعة كي تنزل عليك ! فكر و ابدأ جلسات العصف الذهني لتحليل أفكارك في مخيلتك و من ثم قرر . هذا المجهود ما هو إلا عملية استرجاع لخبراتك و أفكارك المتراكمة في عقلك إلى منطقة العقل الواعي مما سيساعدك في صقل فكرتك بشكل أفضل لأن خبراتك أصبحت قريبة و سهلة التناول .
ثانياً: قطعها إلى أجزاء
============
أياً كانت فكرتك ، فإن تقسيمها إلى أجزاء صغيرة أمر مهم جداً . قطعها حتى تعتقد أنها صغيرة جداً لكن مازالت ذات قيمة. الآن هذه هي نسختك الأولى من المشروع ! في الواقع فحتى هذه الفكرة الصغيرة مازلت أعتبرها كبيرة جداً !
إذا لم تقم بإزالة و قص بعض المزايا و الخصائص من فكرتك الرئيسة فأنت على الأغلب “لن تطلق مشروعك أبداً ” . اعرف ما الذي تفكر فيه ، أنت تقول الآن “ إذا اطلقت فكرتي بهذا الحجم فإنها ستكون بلا معنى ، من سيستخدم منتجي وهو بالكاد يكون قابل للاستخدام ؟“
حسناً ، أنت أمام خيارين ، إما أن تطلق هذه الفكرة المتناهية في الصغر ، أو أنك لن تطلق شيء لنأخذ الأمور بواقعية ، إذا كان مشروعك يستهدف 10 آلاف عميل ، فلتطلق النسخة المتناهية الصغر من فكرتك و ليستخدمها فقط 500 شخص . الهدف من هذا هو أن تحس بأن هناك إنجاز خرج على أرض الواقع. هذا هو ما سيدفعك لتواصل العمل ، أما إن أصريت على إكمال الفكرة بشكل كامل فلن تكون أفضل حالاً من الغالبية العظمى الذين فشلوا بإطلاق مشاريعهم عندما أصروا على إطلاقها بالإصدار الكامل
ثالثاً : شارك الفكرة ، احصل على الآراء
=====================
هذه أيضا خطوة مهمة ، و هي عادة ما يتم تجاهلها نهائيا من قبل أصحاب المشاريع الناشئة (خوفاً من أن تسرق الفكرة). البعض لا يفكر فيها أساساً و لا تخطر على باله. ببساطة ، تجاوز هذه الخطوة قد يكون السبب في تدمير مشروعك في مرحلة حساسة .
اعرض فكرتك كفرضية لشيء تعتقد أنه سينجح وسيعمل بالشكل الذي تراه. يجب أن تدافع عن الفكرة و تختبر فرضيتك بصرامة شديدة بعرضها على من تشاركهم بالفكرة. في الحقيقة هناك هدف آخر من مشاركة الفكرة ، ألا و هو الحصول على التحفيز. ستفتقد التحفيز إذا عملت على تطوير مشروعك لفترة طويلة دون أن تعرض مشروعك و تحصل على الآراء في كل مرحلة من مراحله.
احصل على الأراء لتصحح فكرتك و تختبرها، و لكن الأهم هو أن تحصل على الآراء لتشعر بشعور رائع و محفز تجاه ما تقوم به. إن سماعك لعبارة مثل : “متى راح يخلص ؟ متحمس أجربه ” سيكون وقعها كالسحر على طاقتك و حماسك لإنهاء المشروع.
لن يحطم مشروعك خلل تقني ، أو خطأ في السياسة التسويقية ، لكن سيقضى على مشروعك بشكل كامل في حال فقدت التحفيز.
رابعاً : انطلق بشجاعة
============
لن تجد الأمر سهلاً ، لكن إذا تجاوزت الخطوات السابقة ، فإن كل ما سيتبقى لعمله هو القليل من الشجاعة.
لا تغرق نفسك بالتفاصيل الدقيقة . متى سأطلق المشروع ؟ هل سأحتاج لشخص متخصص في التسويق ؟ ماذا عن نظام قواعد البيانات ؟ أليس من الأفضل أن أسلم تصميم الجرافيكس لشخص متخصص ؟ أوووه الشعار والمطبوعات !!
حسناً ، توقف عن كل هذا ، لا تزعج نفسك بذلك ، التفكير بكل هذه التفاصيل قبل البدء بالمشروع هذا هو الأسلوب التقليدي لإدارة المشاريع ، قد يكون هذا الأسلوب جيد لمشروع يعمل فيه عشرات الأشخاص و ينفذ لصالح شركة عملاقة حيث الأخطاء تكلف الملايين . لكن في حالة مشروعك الناشئ فإن الأخطاء لا تكلف شيء ، بالعكس الأخطاء تمنحك المزيد من الخبرة ، إن أعظم ما يمكنك فعله في مشروعك الناشئ هو أن تخطئ .. حاول أن تجعل ذلك يحدث مبكراً .
(التحفظ الزائد سيمنعك من اكتشاف أخطائك مبكراً ).. لذلك تحلى بالشجاعة وانطلق
أسأل الله أن أكون قد قدمت معلومة مفيدة . بالتوفيق للجميع
.Net Interview Questions .
C#, ASP.NET, .NET Remoting, .NET Windows Forms
Interview Questions
C#
What’s the implicit name of the parameter that gets passed into the class’ set method?
Value, and its datatype depends on whatever variable we’re changing.
How do you inherit from a class in C#?
Place a colon and then the name of the base class. Notice that it’s double colon in C++.
Does C# support multiple inheritance?
No, use interfaces instead.
When you inherit a protected class-level variable, who is it available to?
Classes in the same namespace.
Are private class-level variables inherited?
Yes, but they are not accessible, so looking at it you can honestly say that they are not inherited. But they are.
Describe the accessibility modifier protected internal.
It’s available to derived classes and classes within the same Assembly (and naturally from the base class it’s declared in).
C# provides a default constructor for me. I write a constructor that takes a string as a parameter, but want to keep the no parameter one. How many constructors should I write?
Two. Once you write at least one constructor, C# cancels the freebie constructor, and now you have to write one yourself, even if there’s no implementation in it.
What’s the top .NET class that everything is derived from?
System.Object.
How’s method overriding different from overloading?
When overriding, you change the method behavior for a derived class. Overloading simply involves having a method with the same name within the class.
What does the keyword virtual mean in the method definition?
The method can be over-ridden.
Can you declare the override method static while the original method is non-static?
No, you can’t, the signature of the virtual method must remain the same, only the keyword virtual is changed to keyword override.
Can you override private virtual methods?
No, moreover, you cannot access private methods in inherited classes, have to be protected in the base class to allow any sort of access.
Can you prevent your class from being inherited and becoming a base class for some other classes?
Yes, that’s what keyword sealed in the class definition is for. The developer trying to derive from your class will get a message: cannot inherit from Sealed class WhateverBaseClassName. It’s the same concept as final class in Java.
Can you allow class to be inherited, but prevent the method from being over-ridden?
Yes, just leave the class public and make the method sealed.
What’s an abstract class?
A class that cannot be instantiated. A concept in C++ known as pure virtual method. A class that must be inherited and have the methods over-ridden. Essentially, it’s a blueprint for a class without any implementation.
When do you absolutely have to declare a class as abstract (as opposed to free-willed educated choice or decision based on UML diagram)?
When at least one of the methods in the class is abstract. When the class itself is inherited from an abstract class, but not all base abstract methods have been over-ridden.
What’s an interface class?
It’s an abstract class with public abstract methods all of which must be implemented in the inherited classes.
Why can’t you specify the accessibility modifier for methods inside the interface?
They all must be public. Therefore, to prevent you from getting the false impression that you have any freedom of choice, you are not allowed to specify any accessibility, it’s public by default.
Can you inherit multiple interfaces?
Yes, why not.
And if they have conflicting method names?
It’s up to you to implement the method inside your own class, so implementation is left entirely up to you. This might cause a problem on a higher-level scale if similarly named methods from different interfaces expect different data, but as far as compiler cares you’re okay.
What’s the difference between an interface and abstract class?
In the interface all methods must be abstract; in the abstract class some methods can be concrete. In the interface no accessibility modifiers are allowed, which is ok in abstract classes.
How can you overload a method?
Different parameter data types, different number of parameters, different order of parameters.
If a base class has a bunch of overloaded constructors, and an inherited class has another bunch of overloaded constructors, can you enforce a call from an inherited constructor to an arbitrary base constructor?
Yes, just place a colon, and then keyword base (parameter list to invoke the appropriate constructor) in the overloaded constructor definition inside the inherited class.
What’s the difference between System.String and System.StringBuilder classes?
System.String is immutable; System.StringBuilder was designed with the purpose of having a mutable string where a variety of operations can be performed.
What’s the advantage of using System.Text.StringBuilder over System.String?
StringBuilder is more efficient in the cases, where a lot of manipulation is done to the text. Strings are immutable, so each time it’s being operated on, a new instance is created.
Can you store multiple data types in System.Array?
No.
What’s the difference between the System.Array.CopyTo() and System.Array.Clone()?
The first one performs a deep copy of the array, the second one is shallow.
How can you sort the elements of the array in descending order?
By calling Sort() and then Reverse() methods.
What’s the .NET datatype that allows the retrieval of data by a unique key?
HashTable.
What’s class SortedList underneath?
A sorted HashTable.
Will finally block get executed if the exception had not occurred?
Yes.
What’s the C# equivalent of C++ catch (…), which was a catch-all statement for any possible exception?
A catch block that catches the exception of type System.Exception. You can also omit the parameter data type in this case and just write catch {}.
Can multiple catch blocks be executed?
No, once the proper catch code fires off, the control is transferred to the finally block (if there are any), and then whatever follows the finally block.
Why is it a bad idea to throw your own exceptions?
Well, if at that point you know that an error has occurred, then why not write the proper code to handle that error instead of passing a new Exception object to the catch block? Throwing your own exceptions signifies some design flaws in the project.
What’s a delegate?
A delegate object encapsulates a reference to a method. In C++ they were referred to as function pointers.
What’s a multicast delegate?
It’s a delegate that points to and eventually fires off several methods.
How’s the DLL Hell problem solved in .NET?
Assembly versioning allows the application to specify not only the library it needs to run (which was available under Win32), but also the version of the assembly.
What are the ways to deploy an assembly?
An MSI installer, a CAB archive, and XCOPY command.
What’s a satellite assembly?
When you write a multilingual or multi-cultural application in .NET, and want to distribute the core application separately from the localized modules, the localized assemblies that modify the core application are called satellite assemblies.
What namespaces are necessary to create a localized application?
System.Globalization, System.Resources.
What’s the difference between // comments, /* */ comments and /// comments?
Single-line, multi-line and XML documentation comments.
How do you generate documentation from the C# file commented properly with a command-line compiler?
Compile it with a /doc switch.
What’s the difference between and XML documentation tag?
Single line code example and multiple-line code example.
Is XML case-sensitive?
Yes, so and are different elements.
What debugging tools come with the .NET SDK?
CorDBG – command-line debugger, and DbgCLR – graphic debugger. Visual Studio .NET uses the DbgCLR. To use CorDbg, you must compile the original C# file using the /debug switch.
What does the This window show in the debugger?
It points to the object that’s pointed to by this reference. Object’s instance data is shown.
What does assert() do?
In debug compilation, assert takes in a Boolean condition as a parameter, and shows the error dialog if the condition is false. The program proceeds without any interruption if the condition is true.
What’s the difference between the Debug class and Trace class? Documentation looks the same.
Use Debug class for debug builds, use Trace class for both debug and release builds.
Why are there five tracing levels in System.Diagnostics.TraceSwitcher?
The tracing dumps can be quite verbose and for some applications that are constantly running you run the risk of overloading the machine and the hard drive there. Five levels range from None to Verbose, allowing to fine-tune the tracing activities.
Where is the output of TextWriterTraceListener redirected?
To the Console or a text file depending on the parameter passed to the constructor.
How do you debug an ASP.NET Web application?
Attach the aspnet_wp.exe process to the DbgClr debugger.
What are three test cases you should go through in unit testing?
Positive test cases (correct data, correct output), negative test cases (broken or missing data, proper handling), exception test cases (exceptions are thrown and caught properly).
Can you change the value of a variable while debugging a C# application?
Yes, if you are debugging via Visual Studio.NET, just go to Immediate window.
Explain the three services model (three-tier application).
Presentation (UI), business (logic and underlying code) and data (from storage or other sources).
What are advantages and disadvantages of Microsoft-provided data provider classes in ADO.NET?
SQLServer.NET data provider is high-speed and robust, but requires SQL Server license purchased from Microsoft. OLE-DB.NET is universal for accessing other sources, like Oracle, DB2, Microsoft Access and Informix, but it’s a .NET layer on top of OLE layer, so not the fastest thing in the world. ODBC.NET is a deprecated layer provided for backward compatibility to ODBC engines.
What’s the role of the DataReader class in ADO.NET connections?
It returns a read-only dataset from the data source when the command is executed.
What is the wildcard character in SQL? Let’s say you want to query database with LIKE for all employees whose name starts with La. The wildcard character is %, the proper query with LIKE would involve ‘La%’.
Explain ACID rule of thumb for transactions.
Transaction must be Atomic (it is one unit of work and does not dependent on previous and following transactions), Consistent (data is either committed or roll back, no “in-between” case where something has been updated and something hasn’t), Isolated (no transaction sees the intermediate results of the current transaction), Durable (the values persist if the data had been committed even if the system crashes right after).
What connections does Microsoft SQL Server support?
Windows Authentication (via Active Directory) and SQL Server authentication (via Microsoft SQL Server username and passwords).
Which one is trusted and which one is untrusted?
Windows Authentication is trusted because the username and password are checked with the Active Directory, the SQL Server authentication is untrusted, since SQL Server is the only verifier participating in the transaction.
Why would you use untrusted verificaion?
Web Services might use it, as well as non-Windows applications.
What does the parameter Initial Catalog define inside Connection String?
The database name to connect to.
What’s the data provider name to connect to Access database?
Microsoft.Access.
What does Dispose method do with the connection object?
Deletes it from the memory.
What is a pre-requisite for connection pooling?
Multiple processes must agree that they will share the same connection, where every parameter is the same, including the security settings.
Interview Questions
ASP.NET
Describe the role of inetinfo.exe, aspnet_isapi.dll andaspnet_wp.exe in the page loading process. inetinfo.exe is theMicrosoft IIS server running, handling ASP.NET requests among other things.When an ASP.NET request is received (usually a file with .aspx extension),the ISAPI filter aspnet_isapi.dll takes care of it by passing the request tothe actual worker process aspnet_wp.exe.
What’s the difference between Response.Write() andResponse.Output.Write()?
The latter one allows you to write formattedoutput.
What methods are fired during the page load?
Init() - when the pageis instantiated, Load() - when the page is loaded into server memory,PreRender() - the brief moment before the page is displayed to the user asHTML, Unload() - when page finishes loading.
Where does the Web page belong in the .NET Framework class hierarchy?
System.Web.UI.Page
Where do you store the information about the user’s locale?
System.Web.UI.Page.Culture
What’s the difference between Codebehind="MyCode.aspx.cs" andSrc="MyCode.aspx.cs"?
CodeBehind is relevant to Visual Studio.NET only.
What’s a bubbled event?
When you have a complex control, like DataGrid, writing an event processing routine for each object (cell, button, row, etc.) is quite tedious. The controls can bubble up their eventhandlers, allowing the main DataGrid event handler to take care of its constituents.
Suppose you want a certain ASP.NET function executed on MouseOver overa certain button. Where do you add an event handler?
It’s the Attributesproperty, the Add function inside that property. So btnSubmit.Attributes.Add("onMouseOver","someClientCode();")
What data type does the RangeValidator control support?
Integer,String and Date.
Explain the differences between Server-side and Client-side code?
Server-side code runs on the server. Client-side code runs in the clients’ browser.
What type of code (server or client) is found in a Code-Behind class?
Server-side code.
Should validation (did the user enter a real date) occur server-side or client-side? Why?
Client-side. This reduces an additional request to the server to validate the users input.
What does the "EnableViewState" property do? Why would I want it on or off?
It enables the viewstate on the page. It allows the page to save the users input on a form.
What is the difference between Server.Transfer and Response.Redirect? Why would I choose one over the other?
Server.Transfer is used to post a form to another page. Response.Redirect is used to redirect the user to another page or site.
Can you explain the difference between an ADO.NET Dataset and an ADO Recordset?
A DataSet can represent an entire relational database in memory, complete with tables, relations, and views.
A DataSet is designed to work without any continuing connection to the original data source.
Data in a DataSet is bulk-loaded, rather than being loaded on demand.
There's no concept of cursor types in a DataSet.
DataSets have no current record pointer You can use For Each loops to move through the data.
You can store many edits in a DataSet, and write them to the original data source in a single operation.
Though the DataSet is universal, other objects in ADO.NET come in different versions for different data sources.
Can you give an example of what might be best suited to place in the Application_Start and Session_Start subroutines?
This is where you can set the specific variables for the Application and Session objects.
If I’m developing an application that must accommodate multiple security levels though secure login and my ASP.NET web application is spanned across three web-servers (using round-robin load balancing) what would be the best approach to maintain login-in state for the users?
Maintain the login state security through a database.
Can you explain what inheritance is and an example of when you might use it?
When you want to inherit (use the functionality of) another class. Base Class Employee. A Manager class could be derived from the Employee base class.
Whats an assembly?
Assemblies are the building blocks of the .NET framework. Overview of assemblies from MSDN
Describe the difference between inline and code behind.
Inline code written along side the html in a page. Code-behind is code written in a separate file and referenced by the .aspx page.
Explain what a diffgram is, and a good use for one?
The DiffGram is one of the two XML formats that you can use to render DataSet object contents to XML. For reading database data to an XML file to be sent to a Web Service.
Whats MSIL, and why should my developers need an appreciation of it if at all?
MSIL is the Microsoft Intermediate Language. All .NET compatible languages will get converted to MSIL.
Which method do you invoke on the DataAdapter control to load your generated dataset with data?
The .Fill() method
Can you edit data in the Repeater control?
No, it just reads the information from its data source
Which template must you provide, in order to display data in a Repeater control?
ItemTemplate
How can you provide an alternating color scheme in a Repeater control?
Use the AlternatingItemTemplate
What property must you set, and what method must you call in your code, in order to bind the data from some data source to the Repeater control?
You must set the DataSource property and call the DataBind method.
What base class do all Web Forms inherit from?
The Page class.
Name two properties common in every validation control?
ControlToValidate property and Text property.
What tags do you need to add within the asp:datagrid tags to bind columns manually?
Set AutoGenerateColumns Property to false on the datagrid tag
What tag do you use to add a hyperlink column to the DataGrid?
What is the transport protocol you use to call a Web service?
SOAP is the preferred protocol.
True or False: A Web service can only be written in .NET?
False
What does WSDL stand for?
(Web Services Description Language)
Where on the Internet would you look for Web services?
(http://www.uddi.org)
Which property on a Combo Box do you set with a column name, prior to setting the DataSource, to display data in the combo box?
DataTextField property
Which control would you use if you needed to make sure the values in two different controls matched?
CompareValidator Control
True or False: To test a Web service you must create a windows application or Web application to consume this service?
False, the webservice comes with a test page and it provides HTTP-GET method to test.
How many classes can a single .NET DLL contain?
It can contain many classes.
Interview Questions
.NET Remoting
What’s a Windows process?
It’s an application that’s running and had been allocated memory.
What’s typical about a Windows process in regards to memory allocation?
Each process is allocated its own block of available RAM space, no process can access another process’ code or data. If the process crashes, it dies alone without taking the entire OS or a bunch of other applications down.
Why do you call it a process? What’s different between process and application in .NET, not common computer usage, terminology?
A process is an instance of a running application. An application is an executable on the hard drive or network. There can be numerous processes launched of the same application (5 copies of Word running), but 1 process can run just 1 application.
What distributed process frameworks outside .NET do you know?
Distributed Computing Environment/Remote Procedure Calls (DEC/RPC), Microsoft Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM), Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA), and Java Remote Method Invocation (RMI).
What are possible implementations of distributed applications in .NET?
.NET Remoting and ASP.NET Web Services. If we talk about the Framework Class Library, noteworthy classes are in System.Runtime.Remoting and System.Web.Services.
When would you use .NET Remoting and when Web services?
Use remoting for more efficient exchange of information when you control both ends of the application. Use Web services for open-protocol-based information exchange when you are just a client or a server with the other end belonging to someone else.
What’s a proxy of the server object in .NET Remoting?
It’s a fake copy of the server object that resides on the client side and behaves as if it was the server. It handles the communication between real server object and the client object. This process is also known as marshaling.
What are remotable objects in .NET Remoting?
Remotable objects are the objects that can be marshaled across the application domains. You can marshal by value, where a deep copy of the object is created and then passed to the receiver. You can also marshal by reference, where just a reference to an existing object is passed.
What are channels in .NET Remoting?
Channels represent the objects that transfer the other serialized objects from one application domain to another and from one computer to another, as well as one process to another on the same box. A channel must exist before an object can be transferred.
What security measures exist for .NET Remoting in System.Runtime.Remoting?
None. Security should be taken care of at the application level. Cryptography and other security techniques can be applied at application or server level.
What is a formatter?
A formatter is an object that is responsible for encoding and serializing data into messages on one end, and deserializing and decoding messages into data on the other end.
Choosing between HTTP and TCP for protocols and Binary and SOAP for formatters, what are the trade-offs?
Binary over TCP is the most effiecient, SOAP over HTTP is the most interoperable.
What’s SingleCall activation mode used for?
If the server object is instantiated for responding to just one single request, the request should be made in SingleCall mode.
What’s Singleton activation mode?
A single object is instantiated regardless of the number of clients accessing it. Lifetime of this object is determined by lifetime lease.
How do you define the lease of the object?
By implementing ILease interface when writing the class code.
Can you configure a .NET Remoting object via XML file?
Yes, via machine.config and application level .config file (or web.config in ASP.NET). Application-level XML settings take precedence over machine.config.
How can you automatically generate interface for the remotable object in .NET with Microsoft tools?
Use the Soapsuds tool.
Interview Questions
.NET Windows Forms
Write a simple Windows Forms MessageBox statement.
System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show
("Hello, Windows Forms");
Can you write a class without specifying namespace? Which namespace does it belong to by default??
Yes, you can, then the class belongs to global namespace which has no name. For commercial products, naturally, you wouldn’t want global namespace.
You are designing a GUI application with a window and several widgets on it. The user then resizes the app window and sees a lot of grey space, while the widgets stay in place. What’s the problem?
One should use anchoring for correct resizing. Otherwise the default property of a widget on a form is top-left, so it stays at the same location when resized.
How can you save the desired properties of Windows Forms application?
.config files in .NET are supported through the API to allow storing and retrieving information. They are nothing more than simple XML files, sort of like what .ini files were before for Win32 apps.
So how do you retrieve the customized properties of a .NET application from XML .config file?
Initialize an instance of AppSettingsReader class. Call the GetValue method of AppSettingsReader class, passing in the name of the property and the type expected. Assign the result to the appropriate variable.
Can you automate this process?
In Visual Studio yes, use Dynamic Properties for automatic .config creation, storage and retrieval.
My progress bar freezes up and dialog window shows blank, when an intensive background process takes over.
Yes, you should’ve multi-threaded your GUI, with taskbar and main form being one thread, and the background process being the other.
What’s the safest way to deploy a Windows Forms app?
Web deployment: the user always downloads the latest version of the code; the program runs within security sandbox, properly written app will not require additional security privileges.
Why is it not a good idea to insert code into InitializeComponent method when working with Visual Studio?
The designer will likely throw it away; most of the code inside InitializeComponent is auto-generated.
What’s the difference between WindowsDefaultLocation and WindowsDefaultBounds?
WindowsDefaultLocation tells the form to start up at a location selected by OS, but with internally specified size. WindowsDefaultBounds delegates both size and starting position choices to the OS.
What’s the difference between Move and LocationChanged? Resize and SizeChanged?
Both methods do the same, Move and Resize are the names adopted from VB to ease migration to C#.
How would you create a non-rectangular window, let’s say an ellipse?
Create a rectangular form, set the TransparencyKey property to the same value as BackColor, which will effectively make the background of the form transparent. Then set the FormBorderStyle to FormBorderStyle.None, which will remove the contour and contents of the form.
How do you create a separator in the Menu Designer?
A hyphen ‘-’ would do it. Also, an ampersand ‘&\’ would underline the next letter.
How’s anchoring different from docking?
Anchoring treats the component as having the absolute size and adjusts its location relative to the parent form. Docking treats the component location as absolute and disregards the component size. So if a status bar must always be at the bottom no matter what, use docking. If a button should be on the top right, but change its position with the form being resized, use anchorin
Interview Questions
C#
What’s the implicit name of the parameter that gets passed into the class’ set method?
Value, and its datatype depends on whatever variable we’re changing.
How do you inherit from a class in C#?
Place a colon and then the name of the base class. Notice that it’s double colon in C++.
Does C# support multiple inheritance?
No, use interfaces instead.
When you inherit a protected class-level variable, who is it available to?
Classes in the same namespace.
Are private class-level variables inherited?
Yes, but they are not accessible, so looking at it you can honestly say that they are not inherited. But they are.
Describe the accessibility modifier protected internal.
It’s available to derived classes and classes within the same Assembly (and naturally from the base class it’s declared in).
C# provides a default constructor for me. I write a constructor that takes a string as a parameter, but want to keep the no parameter one. How many constructors should I write?
Two. Once you write at least one constructor, C# cancels the freebie constructor, and now you have to write one yourself, even if there’s no implementation in it.
What’s the top .NET class that everything is derived from?
System.Object.
How’s method overriding different from overloading?
When overriding, you change the method behavior for a derived class. Overloading simply involves having a method with the same name within the class.
What does the keyword virtual mean in the method definition?
The method can be over-ridden.
Can you declare the override method static while the original method is non-static?
No, you can’t, the signature of the virtual method must remain the same, only the keyword virtual is changed to keyword override.
Can you override private virtual methods?
No, moreover, you cannot access private methods in inherited classes, have to be protected in the base class to allow any sort of access.
Can you prevent your class from being inherited and becoming a base class for some other classes?
Yes, that’s what keyword sealed in the class definition is for. The developer trying to derive from your class will get a message: cannot inherit from Sealed class WhateverBaseClassName. It’s the same concept as final class in Java.
Can you allow class to be inherited, but prevent the method from being over-ridden?
Yes, just leave the class public and make the method sealed.
What’s an abstract class?
A class that cannot be instantiated. A concept in C++ known as pure virtual method. A class that must be inherited and have the methods over-ridden. Essentially, it’s a blueprint for a class without any implementation.
When do you absolutely have to declare a class as abstract (as opposed to free-willed educated choice or decision based on UML diagram)?
When at least one of the methods in the class is abstract. When the class itself is inherited from an abstract class, but not all base abstract methods have been over-ridden.
What’s an interface class?
It’s an abstract class with public abstract methods all of which must be implemented in the inherited classes.
Why can’t you specify the accessibility modifier for methods inside the interface?
They all must be public. Therefore, to prevent you from getting the false impression that you have any freedom of choice, you are not allowed to specify any accessibility, it’s public by default.
Can you inherit multiple interfaces?
Yes, why not.
And if they have conflicting method names?
It’s up to you to implement the method inside your own class, so implementation is left entirely up to you. This might cause a problem on a higher-level scale if similarly named methods from different interfaces expect different data, but as far as compiler cares you’re okay.
What’s the difference between an interface and abstract class?
In the interface all methods must be abstract; in the abstract class some methods can be concrete. In the interface no accessibility modifiers are allowed, which is ok in abstract classes.
How can you overload a method?
Different parameter data types, different number of parameters, different order of parameters.
If a base class has a bunch of overloaded constructors, and an inherited class has another bunch of overloaded constructors, can you enforce a call from an inherited constructor to an arbitrary base constructor?
Yes, just place a colon, and then keyword base (parameter list to invoke the appropriate constructor) in the overloaded constructor definition inside the inherited class.
What’s the difference between System.String and System.StringBuilder classes?
System.String is immutable; System.StringBuilder was designed with the purpose of having a mutable string where a variety of operations can be performed.
What’s the advantage of using System.Text.StringBuilder over System.String?
StringBuilder is more efficient in the cases, where a lot of manipulation is done to the text. Strings are immutable, so each time it’s being operated on, a new instance is created.
Can you store multiple data types in System.Array?
No.
What’s the difference between the System.Array.CopyTo() and System.Array.Clone()?
The first one performs a deep copy of the array, the second one is shallow.
How can you sort the elements of the array in descending order?
By calling Sort() and then Reverse() methods.
What’s the .NET datatype that allows the retrieval of data by a unique key?
HashTable.
What’s class SortedList underneath?
A sorted HashTable.
Will finally block get executed if the exception had not occurred?
Yes.
What’s the C# equivalent of C++ catch (…), which was a catch-all statement for any possible exception?
A catch block that catches the exception of type System.Exception. You can also omit the parameter data type in this case and just write catch {}.
Can multiple catch blocks be executed?
No, once the proper catch code fires off, the control is transferred to the finally block (if there are any), and then whatever follows the finally block.
Why is it a bad idea to throw your own exceptions?
Well, if at that point you know that an error has occurred, then why not write the proper code to handle that error instead of passing a new Exception object to the catch block? Throwing your own exceptions signifies some design flaws in the project.
What’s a delegate?
A delegate object encapsulates a reference to a method. In C++ they were referred to as function pointers.
What’s a multicast delegate?
It’s a delegate that points to and eventually fires off several methods.
How’s the DLL Hell problem solved in .NET?
Assembly versioning allows the application to specify not only the library it needs to run (which was available under Win32), but also the version of the assembly.
What are the ways to deploy an assembly?
An MSI installer, a CAB archive, and XCOPY command.
What’s a satellite assembly?
When you write a multilingual or multi-cultural application in .NET, and want to distribute the core application separately from the localized modules, the localized assemblies that modify the core application are called satellite assemblies.
What namespaces are necessary to create a localized application?
System.Globalization, System.Resources.
What’s the difference between // comments, /* */ comments and /// comments?
Single-line, multi-line and XML documentation comments.
How do you generate documentation from the C# file commented properly with a command-line compiler?
Compile it with a /doc switch.
What’s the difference between
Single line code example and multiple-line code example.
Is XML case-sensitive?
Yes, so
What debugging tools come with the .NET SDK?
CorDBG – command-line debugger, and DbgCLR – graphic debugger. Visual Studio .NET uses the DbgCLR. To use CorDbg, you must compile the original C# file using the /debug switch.
What does the This window show in the debugger?
It points to the object that’s pointed to by this reference. Object’s instance data is shown.
What does assert() do?
In debug compilation, assert takes in a Boolean condition as a parameter, and shows the error dialog if the condition is false. The program proceeds without any interruption if the condition is true.
What’s the difference between the Debug class and Trace class? Documentation looks the same.
Use Debug class for debug builds, use Trace class for both debug and release builds.
Why are there five tracing levels in System.Diagnostics.TraceSwitcher?
The tracing dumps can be quite verbose and for some applications that are constantly running you run the risk of overloading the machine and the hard drive there. Five levels range from None to Verbose, allowing to fine-tune the tracing activities.
Where is the output of TextWriterTraceListener redirected?
To the Console or a text file depending on the parameter passed to the constructor.
How do you debug an ASP.NET Web application?
Attach the aspnet_wp.exe process to the DbgClr debugger.
What are three test cases you should go through in unit testing?
Positive test cases (correct data, correct output), negative test cases (broken or missing data, proper handling), exception test cases (exceptions are thrown and caught properly).
Can you change the value of a variable while debugging a C# application?
Yes, if you are debugging via Visual Studio.NET, just go to Immediate window.
Explain the three services model (three-tier application).
Presentation (UI), business (logic and underlying code) and data (from storage or other sources).
What are advantages and disadvantages of Microsoft-provided data provider classes in ADO.NET?
SQLServer.NET data provider is high-speed and robust, but requires SQL Server license purchased from Microsoft. OLE-DB.NET is universal for accessing other sources, like Oracle, DB2, Microsoft Access and Informix, but it’s a .NET layer on top of OLE layer, so not the fastest thing in the world. ODBC.NET is a deprecated layer provided for backward compatibility to ODBC engines.
What’s the role of the DataReader class in ADO.NET connections?
It returns a read-only dataset from the data source when the command is executed.
What is the wildcard character in SQL? Let’s say you want to query database with LIKE for all employees whose name starts with La. The wildcard character is %, the proper query with LIKE would involve ‘La%’.
Explain ACID rule of thumb for transactions.
Transaction must be Atomic (it is one unit of work and does not dependent on previous and following transactions), Consistent (data is either committed or roll back, no “in-between” case where something has been updated and something hasn’t), Isolated (no transaction sees the intermediate results of the current transaction), Durable (the values persist if the data had been committed even if the system crashes right after).
What connections does Microsoft SQL Server support?
Windows Authentication (via Active Directory) and SQL Server authentication (via Microsoft SQL Server username and passwords).
Which one is trusted and which one is untrusted?
Windows Authentication is trusted because the username and password are checked with the Active Directory, the SQL Server authentication is untrusted, since SQL Server is the only verifier participating in the transaction.
Why would you use untrusted verificaion?
Web Services might use it, as well as non-Windows applications.
What does the parameter Initial Catalog define inside Connection String?
The database name to connect to.
What’s the data provider name to connect to Access database?
Microsoft.Access.
What does Dispose method do with the connection object?
Deletes it from the memory.
What is a pre-requisite for connection pooling?
Multiple processes must agree that they will share the same connection, where every parameter is the same, including the security settings.
Interview Questions
ASP.NET
Describe the role of inetinfo.exe, aspnet_isapi.dll andaspnet_wp.exe in the page loading process. inetinfo.exe is theMicrosoft IIS server running, handling ASP.NET requests among other things.When an ASP.NET request is received (usually a file with .aspx extension),the ISAPI filter aspnet_isapi.dll takes care of it by passing the request tothe actual worker process aspnet_wp.exe.
What’s the difference between Response.Write() andResponse.Output.Write()?
The latter one allows you to write formattedoutput.
What methods are fired during the page load?
Init() - when the pageis instantiated, Load() - when the page is loaded into server memory,PreRender() - the brief moment before the page is displayed to the user asHTML, Unload() - when page finishes loading.
Where does the Web page belong in the .NET Framework class hierarchy?
System.Web.UI.Page
Where do you store the information about the user’s locale?
System.Web.UI.Page.Culture
What’s the difference between Codebehind="MyCode.aspx.cs" andSrc="MyCode.aspx.cs"?
CodeBehind is relevant to Visual Studio.NET only.
What’s a bubbled event?
When you have a complex control, like DataGrid, writing an event processing routine for each object (cell, button, row, etc.) is quite tedious. The controls can bubble up their eventhandlers, allowing the main DataGrid event handler to take care of its constituents.
Suppose you want a certain ASP.NET function executed on MouseOver overa certain button. Where do you add an event handler?
It’s the Attributesproperty, the Add function inside that property. So btnSubmit.Attributes.Add("onMouseOver","someClientCode();")
What data type does the RangeValidator control support?
Integer,String and Date.
Explain the differences between Server-side and Client-side code?
Server-side code runs on the server. Client-side code runs in the clients’ browser.
What type of code (server or client) is found in a Code-Behind class?
Server-side code.
Should validation (did the user enter a real date) occur server-side or client-side? Why?
Client-side. This reduces an additional request to the server to validate the users input.
What does the "EnableViewState" property do? Why would I want it on or off?
It enables the viewstate on the page. It allows the page to save the users input on a form.
What is the difference between Server.Transfer and Response.Redirect? Why would I choose one over the other?
Server.Transfer is used to post a form to another page. Response.Redirect is used to redirect the user to another page or site.
Can you explain the difference between an ADO.NET Dataset and an ADO Recordset?
A DataSet can represent an entire relational database in memory, complete with tables, relations, and views.
A DataSet is designed to work without any continuing connection to the original data source.
Data in a DataSet is bulk-loaded, rather than being loaded on demand.
There's no concept of cursor types in a DataSet.
DataSets have no current record pointer You can use For Each loops to move through the data.
You can store many edits in a DataSet, and write them to the original data source in a single operation.
Though the DataSet is universal, other objects in ADO.NET come in different versions for different data sources.
Can you give an example of what might be best suited to place in the Application_Start and Session_Start subroutines?
This is where you can set the specific variables for the Application and Session objects.
If I’m developing an application that must accommodate multiple security levels though secure login and my ASP.NET web application is spanned across three web-servers (using round-robin load balancing) what would be the best approach to maintain login-in state for the users?
Maintain the login state security through a database.
Can you explain what inheritance is and an example of when you might use it?
When you want to inherit (use the functionality of) another class. Base Class Employee. A Manager class could be derived from the Employee base class.
Whats an assembly?
Assemblies are the building blocks of the .NET framework. Overview of assemblies from MSDN
Describe the difference between inline and code behind.
Inline code written along side the html in a page. Code-behind is code written in a separate file and referenced by the .aspx page.
Explain what a diffgram is, and a good use for one?
The DiffGram is one of the two XML formats that you can use to render DataSet object contents to XML. For reading database data to an XML file to be sent to a Web Service.
Whats MSIL, and why should my developers need an appreciation of it if at all?
MSIL is the Microsoft Intermediate Language. All .NET compatible languages will get converted to MSIL.
Which method do you invoke on the DataAdapter control to load your generated dataset with data?
The .Fill() method
Can you edit data in the Repeater control?
No, it just reads the information from its data source
Which template must you provide, in order to display data in a Repeater control?
ItemTemplate
How can you provide an alternating color scheme in a Repeater control?
Use the AlternatingItemTemplate
What property must you set, and what method must you call in your code, in order to bind the data from some data source to the Repeater control?
You must set the DataSource property and call the DataBind method.
What base class do all Web Forms inherit from?
The Page class.
Name two properties common in every validation control?
ControlToValidate property and Text property.
What tags do you need to add within the asp:datagrid tags to bind columns manually?
Set AutoGenerateColumns Property to false on the datagrid tag
What tag do you use to add a hyperlink column to the DataGrid?
What is the transport protocol you use to call a Web service?
SOAP is the preferred protocol.
True or False: A Web service can only be written in .NET?
False
What does WSDL stand for?
(Web Services Description Language)
Where on the Internet would you look for Web services?
(http://www.uddi.org)
Which property on a Combo Box do you set with a column name, prior to setting the DataSource, to display data in the combo box?
DataTextField property
Which control would you use if you needed to make sure the values in two different controls matched?
CompareValidator Control
True or False: To test a Web service you must create a windows application or Web application to consume this service?
False, the webservice comes with a test page and it provides HTTP-GET method to test.
How many classes can a single .NET DLL contain?
It can contain many classes.
Interview Questions
.NET Remoting
What’s a Windows process?
It’s an application that’s running and had been allocated memory.
What’s typical about a Windows process in regards to memory allocation?
Each process is allocated its own block of available RAM space, no process can access another process’ code or data. If the process crashes, it dies alone without taking the entire OS or a bunch of other applications down.
Why do you call it a process? What’s different between process and application in .NET, not common computer usage, terminology?
A process is an instance of a running application. An application is an executable on the hard drive or network. There can be numerous processes launched of the same application (5 copies of Word running), but 1 process can run just 1 application.
What distributed process frameworks outside .NET do you know?
Distributed Computing Environment/Remote Procedure Calls (DEC/RPC), Microsoft Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM), Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA), and Java Remote Method Invocation (RMI).
What are possible implementations of distributed applications in .NET?
.NET Remoting and ASP.NET Web Services. If we talk about the Framework Class Library, noteworthy classes are in System.Runtime.Remoting and System.Web.Services.
When would you use .NET Remoting and when Web services?
Use remoting for more efficient exchange of information when you control both ends of the application. Use Web services for open-protocol-based information exchange when you are just a client or a server with the other end belonging to someone else.
What’s a proxy of the server object in .NET Remoting?
It’s a fake copy of the server object that resides on the client side and behaves as if it was the server. It handles the communication between real server object and the client object. This process is also known as marshaling.
What are remotable objects in .NET Remoting?
Remotable objects are the objects that can be marshaled across the application domains. You can marshal by value, where a deep copy of the object is created and then passed to the receiver. You can also marshal by reference, where just a reference to an existing object is passed.
What are channels in .NET Remoting?
Channels represent the objects that transfer the other serialized objects from one application domain to another and from one computer to another, as well as one process to another on the same box. A channel must exist before an object can be transferred.
What security measures exist for .NET Remoting in System.Runtime.Remoting?
None. Security should be taken care of at the application level. Cryptography and other security techniques can be applied at application or server level.
What is a formatter?
A formatter is an object that is responsible for encoding and serializing data into messages on one end, and deserializing and decoding messages into data on the other end.
Choosing between HTTP and TCP for protocols and Binary and SOAP for formatters, what are the trade-offs?
Binary over TCP is the most effiecient, SOAP over HTTP is the most interoperable.
What’s SingleCall activation mode used for?
If the server object is instantiated for responding to just one single request, the request should be made in SingleCall mode.
What’s Singleton activation mode?
A single object is instantiated regardless of the number of clients accessing it. Lifetime of this object is determined by lifetime lease.
How do you define the lease of the object?
By implementing ILease interface when writing the class code.
Can you configure a .NET Remoting object via XML file?
Yes, via machine.config and application level .config file (or web.config in ASP.NET). Application-level XML settings take precedence over machine.config.
How can you automatically generate interface for the remotable object in .NET with Microsoft tools?
Use the Soapsuds tool.
Interview Questions
.NET Windows Forms
Write a simple Windows Forms MessageBox statement.
System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show
("Hello, Windows Forms");
Can you write a class without specifying namespace? Which namespace does it belong to by default??
Yes, you can, then the class belongs to global namespace which has no name. For commercial products, naturally, you wouldn’t want global namespace.
You are designing a GUI application with a window and several widgets on it. The user then resizes the app window and sees a lot of grey space, while the widgets stay in place. What’s the problem?
One should use anchoring for correct resizing. Otherwise the default property of a widget on a form is top-left, so it stays at the same location when resized.
How can you save the desired properties of Windows Forms application?
.config files in .NET are supported through the API to allow storing and retrieving information. They are nothing more than simple XML files, sort of like what .ini files were before for Win32 apps.
So how do you retrieve the customized properties of a .NET application from XML .config file?
Initialize an instance of AppSettingsReader class. Call the GetValue method of AppSettingsReader class, passing in the name of the property and the type expected. Assign the result to the appropriate variable.
Can you automate this process?
In Visual Studio yes, use Dynamic Properties for automatic .config creation, storage and retrieval.
My progress bar freezes up and dialog window shows blank, when an intensive background process takes over.
Yes, you should’ve multi-threaded your GUI, with taskbar and main form being one thread, and the background process being the other.
What’s the safest way to deploy a Windows Forms app?
Web deployment: the user always downloads the latest version of the code; the program runs within security sandbox, properly written app will not require additional security privileges.
Why is it not a good idea to insert code into InitializeComponent method when working with Visual Studio?
The designer will likely throw it away; most of the code inside InitializeComponent is auto-generated.
What’s the difference between WindowsDefaultLocation and WindowsDefaultBounds?
WindowsDefaultLocation tells the form to start up at a location selected by OS, but with internally specified size. WindowsDefaultBounds delegates both size and starting position choices to the OS.
What’s the difference between Move and LocationChanged? Resize and SizeChanged?
Both methods do the same, Move and Resize are the names adopted from VB to ease migration to C#.
How would you create a non-rectangular window, let’s say an ellipse?
Create a rectangular form, set the TransparencyKey property to the same value as BackColor, which will effectively make the background of the form transparent. Then set the FormBorderStyle to FormBorderStyle.None, which will remove the contour and contents of the form.
How do you create a separator in the Menu Designer?
A hyphen ‘-’ would do it. Also, an ampersand ‘&\’ would underline the next letter.
How’s anchoring different from docking?
Anchoring treats the component as having the absolute size and adjusts its location relative to the parent form. Docking treats the component location as absolute and disregards the component size. So if a status bar must always be at the bottom no matter what, use docking. If a button should be on the top right, but change its position with the form being resized, use anchorin
معلومات هامة اوي للمتقدمين لوظائف السيلز .
السؤال الاول مطلوب الاجابه عن اربع حاجات فقط
Could you Introduce your self in English? (just mention: Name, Age, Faculty, Experience)
و ده طبعا عارفين الاجابه النموذجيه بتاعته
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السؤال التاني
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طلب السؤال من كل واحد انه يبيع اي حاجه هو بيختارها و كل واحد كانت بيختارله حاجه مختلفةانا ههتم هنا يا جماعه اني اقولكوا تركزوا على ايه اكتر من الاجابات النموذجيه بالانجليزي
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واحد طلبت منه انه يبيعلها شنطة بنت كانت محطوطه قدامها فقالها ان دي شنطه جلد و فيها جيوب ، سألته ايه نوع الجلد، جاوب و قال جلد ((((( سكاي ))))) و هنا دي غلطه كبيرة جداااااا انت معقول هتبيع شنطة حريمي لبنت تقولها جلد سكاي؟؟؟؟؟؟؟ حتى لو كان كده يا جماعه في حاجه مهمة جدااااااااا في سؤال بيعلي اي حاجه ده ركزوا في الاسئلة و هقولكوا هي ايه في الاخرالاجابه الصح على سؤال زي كده انه كان يقول ده جلد طبيعي
natural leather
، الشنطه دي حجمها مثالي ممكن تحطي فيها كل اغراضك ، و عندنا كل الالوان منها حضرتك تحبي لون معين؟و كمان الموديل ده مش موجود في ولا شركة منافسه لينا ده تصميم خاص جدا للشركة بتاعتنا و اللي عاملنا التصميم ده شركة كوالالامبوريه هنديه ماليزيه اسكندرانيه (لو ما لقيتش كلام تقوله بقى) الشنطه دي كاتمه للصوت و للريحه يعني ممكن تخبي فيها قطه و ماحدش يقدر يسمعلها صوت ، و كمان دي فيها عداد يقولك انتي مشيتي كام متر انهارده خدي الاخيره بقى عليها خصم خاص جدا عرض ليوم واحد اشتري شنطة و خدي 10 هديه كل كلام البيع ده انت بتقوله و انت مبتسم من شعر راسك لضوافر رجليك ابتسم ابتسم ابتسم ابتسم بشكل ما ينرفزش الزبون لكن تكون ابتسامه من قلبك فعلا ليه و استخدم ال
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حركات ايديك و جسمك و و تعبيرات وشك بشكل يخطف الزبون
نكمل انا اتسألت اني ابيع موبايل نوكيا 1200 و كلنا نعرف ايه هو النوكيا ال 1200 طبعاالاول رحبت بيها في شركتنا و قولتلها ان وقتي كله تحت امرها لغاية ما يستقر رأيها انهارده على افضل موبايل ممكن تشتريه في حياتها بالنسبه للموبايل ده اهم ميزه فيه يا مدام انه فيه كاميرتين ، كاميرا في الخلف هنا تقدري تصوري بيها اي حاجه ، تقدري تصوري بيها صحابك ، مناظر طبيعيه ، مواقف نادره ، و كاميرا قدام هنا تقدري تصوري بيها نفسك و تستخدميها بدل المرايه في تظبيط المكياج و بدون ماحد ياخد باله من اللي هتكوني قاعده معاهم و تقدري تصوري نفسك انتي و صحابك بدون ما تحتاجي لشخص غريب تضطروا ليه عشان يصوركوا و ممكن يصوركوا و ياخد الموبايل و يجري الموبايل ده نازل معاه 24 وش هديه يعني هيكون معاكي دايما موبايل لايق على اللبس بتاعك ، لايق على لون عربيتك ، و معاه 50 قطعه اكسسوار هديه تقدري تعلقي منهم القطعه اللي تتناسب مع مودك كل يوم فسألتني الموبايل ده بكام قولتلها الموبايل ده ب 1000 جنيه بس لحسن الحظ ان انهارده في One day offer 50% و تقدر تاخد الموبايل ب 500 جنيه بس فقالتلي لا بردو كتير عليا 500 جنيه قولتلها لا بس مش كتير ع الموبايل ده المميزات اللي فيه مش موجوده في احسن منافس ليه في السوق و اللي سعره 2000 جنيه يعني انتي كده موفره 1500 جنيه + معاكي مميزات مش موجوده في ولا موبايل تاني في الفئه ديو بعدين ده حجمه صغير جداُ كنت ممكن اكمل معاها بس بصراحه هي وقفتني قالتلي كفايه كده لان الناس كلها كانت عماله تضحك م اللي انا بقوله و من طريقتي في بيع الموبايل كنا جروب حوالي 10 في الاوضه طلبت من واحد بعدي يبيعلها قلم و للأسف ما عرفش يقول كلمه واحده هي بقت متدايقه لانها شخصية محترمه جدا و عايزانا كلنا نوصل للاختبار الاخير مش عايزه حد يطلع من الاختبار بتاعها فكانت بتساعد اللي مش عارف فساعدته شوية في بيع القلم ازاي بس باعت الهوا اللي في الاوضه بطريقه مسخره الاوضه اللي احنا فيها دي مافيش زيها في العالم بسبب الهوا اللي جواها ، احنا حاطين جهاز هنا في اخر الاوضه بيمتص كل الغازات السامه و ثاني اكسيد الكربون ، و الشباك ده محطوط في مكان بدراسه عاليه جدا بحيث انه يدخل الهوا للاوضه بمعدلات تتناسب مع معدل التنفس الطبيعي لاي شخص ، و زارعين شجره هنا في الجنينه قدام الشباك على طول جايبينها من اسطنبول و اصول بزورها من الهند الشجره دي بنرويها بطريقه معينه و مثاليه بحيث تطلع اكسجين و فيتامينات يعني انت قاعد في الاوضه هنا اضمن انك بتاخد كل الفيتامينات و الاكسجين اللي جسمك محتاجله طول اليوم
خليني اسألكوا سؤال: حد فيكوا عمره فكر يبيع الهوا !!!!!!!!!!!!!!
الحاجه اللي قلتلكوا عليها هقولهالكوا في الاخر هي ان انت في انترفيو مبيعات، يعني مش بجد، افتكروا ماما كانت بتقولنا ايه زمان ع البوس اللي في الافلام "ده مش بجد دول بيبقوا حاطين ازاز بينهم عشان التمثيل بس"يا جماعه اعتبروا نفسكوا قدام كاميرا و بتمثلوا انكوا بتبيعوا يعني ممكن يبقى في ايدك قلم بريما و تقول ان ده قلم دهب و الحبر اللي فيه ما بيخلصش مدى الحياه و عليه ضمان 101 سنه ايه المشكلة يعني ، اللي بيعملك الانترفيو مش عايز يختبر مدى مصداقيتك و ادبك هو عايز يعرف انت هتقدر تقنع الزبون انه يشتري اللي في ايديك ده و لا لا يعني لازم تتخيل و تعيش الموقف بجد انك ،
افتكر احمد حلمي في صايع بحر : 2.5 2.5 2.5 ، اعتبر نفسك للحظه مصدر رزقك الوحيد في الدنيا هو الحاجه اللي في ايديك دي و بتبيعها عشان الفلوس بتاعتها دي هي اللي انت عايش عليها يعني لازم تبيع ما ينفعش زبون يمشي من غير ما تبيع
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الانترفيو الثالث
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للاسف المهم كانوا بيسألوا بشكل عشوائي و كنا جروب 5 اللي قاعدين معاهم خلى واحد مننا يقلع جاكت البدله بتاعه و يبيعه خلاص عرفنا ممكن تبيع جاكت بدله ازاي بمبدأ بقى انك هتبيع الهواء الولد ده جاوب كويس فسأله الراجل الهندي ,
و الخطوه ايه اللي بعد كده انا خلاص هشتري ، انت كبياع هتعمل ايه و ليك انت فكر شوية قبل ما تقرا الرد عشان انا بصراحه ما كنتش اعرف ايه السؤال الغريب ده عدى على الكل واحد واحد ايه رأيه انا عن نفسي قلتله هقوله
congratulation
عشان اخد قرار سليم و ان البدله دي احنا عاملين منها عدد مبيعات خيالي من ساعة ما نزلت مقارنة ببقيت الموديلات عشان اخليه يدفع و هو متطمن بس اخويا (كان معايا في الجروب ده) قال اجابه احسن مني بكتير قال هقوله طب يا فندم مش هتشتري قميص او محتاج كرافته الراجل الهندي بقى هيزغرط الولد قعد يحاول يقطع الكلام و يقوله انا فهمت انك تقصد انك اصلا كنت بتشتري بدله كامله بقميصها و كرافتتها و كل حاجه (بيحاول يشتغله يعني عشان هندي) و كان مخلي الراجل مش عارف يتكلم فالهندي قاله جمله جميله اوي: خد بالك ان انا دلوقتي عميل بالنسبالك يعني ما ينفعش ابقى انا بتكلم و انت بتقاطعني ابدا انت كده هتخسر العميل لما سأل اخويا و بص في السي في بتاعه فعشان قرا انه كان مدير لفترة فقاله اعتبر نفسك مدير فرع و دخلت دلوقتي من الباب ممكن تعمل ايه ؟
فاخويا قام و دخل من باب الاوضه و بيكلم نفسه: انا محتاج اعيد تنظيم البضاعه في الرفوف اللي هنا، محتاجين اضاءة مختلفة على الرفوف دي عشان المنتج يظهر اكتر، المنتج ده محتاجين نغير مكانه يكون في مكان ظاهر عن كده عشان بقاله كام يوم مش بيتباع
ممكن العميل مش بيشوفه كويس هنا عشان حجمه بالنسبه لحجم المكان ده، و قاله هتأكد ان مافيش اي تراب على اي بضاعه ، و ان طفاية الحريق معمول عليها المتابعه انها سليمه الراجل الهندي ما خلاهوش يكمل قاله كفايه كده و لما وصل ليا خلاني ابيعله كبايه ازاز من ابرز الحاجات اللي قولتهاله ان الكبايه دي مافيش زيها في اي مكان تاني خامتها مميزه جدا مصنوعه بتقنيات عاليه و لو رميناها ع الارض كده
(و مثلت اني برميها ع الارض بجد) مش هتتكسر ، كبايه شفافه عشان تعرف ايه اللي جواها و باقي قد ايه و انت بتشرب ، و في عليها عرض خاص جدا انهارده بس اشتري 3 و خد واحده هديه من ضمن كلام الراجل الهندي لواحد من الجروب قاله خلي بالك انا ممكن اطلب منك تبيعلي ورقه مكتوب فيها مش حتى بيضا ممكن استخدمها
و عرفت ان في واحد اترفض عشان ما عرفش يبيع موزة يعني يا جماعه الشباب اللي يروح يعمل اختبار سيلز توقع انك ممكن يتطلب منك تبيع اي حاجه و فعلا فعلا فعلا اصعب حاجه في الدنيا ممكن تبيعها هي الهوا ، كتير اوي سمعنا جملة "انا ببيع الهوا في ازايز ، و ببيع الميه في حارة السقايين" بس عمرنا ما عرفنا ازاي ،
و اديني قولتلكوا ممكن تبيعوا الهوا ازاي في انترفيو
بس يعني مش بجد يبقى اي حاجه تتطلب منك تبيعها ,,,,,,,,,,,,, هتبيع ،
و بالمناسبه اكتر درجه ممكن تاخدها في تقديم نفسك هتاخدها لو بتتكلم مع الشخص اللي قدامك على انك بضاعه و بتظهر افضل مافيها حتى انا من اميز الجمل اللي بقولها في انترفيو في الاخر : ان اهم نقطه في المعلومات الشخصية عندي اني واخد اعفاء نهائي من الجيش مش مجرد اني بقول : بالنسبة للخدمه العسكرية أنا واخد اعفاء نهائيا
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اتمنى اكون افدتكم ... و بالتوفيق
Could you Introduce your self in English? (just mention: Name, Age, Faculty, Experience)
و ده طبعا عارفين الاجابه النموذجيه بتاعته
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السؤال التاني
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طلب السؤال من كل واحد انه يبيع اي حاجه هو بيختارها و كل واحد كانت بيختارله حاجه مختلفةانا ههتم هنا يا جماعه اني اقولكوا تركزوا على ايه اكتر من الاجابات النموذجيه بالانجليزي
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واحد طلبت منه انه يبيعلها شنطة بنت كانت محطوطه قدامها فقالها ان دي شنطه جلد و فيها جيوب ، سألته ايه نوع الجلد، جاوب و قال جلد ((((( سكاي ))))) و هنا دي غلطه كبيرة جداااااا انت معقول هتبيع شنطة حريمي لبنت تقولها جلد سكاي؟؟؟؟؟؟؟ حتى لو كان كده يا جماعه في حاجه مهمة جدااااااااا في سؤال بيعلي اي حاجه ده ركزوا في الاسئلة و هقولكوا هي ايه في الاخرالاجابه الصح على سؤال زي كده انه كان يقول ده جلد طبيعي
natural leather
، الشنطه دي حجمها مثالي ممكن تحطي فيها كل اغراضك ، و عندنا كل الالوان منها حضرتك تحبي لون معين؟و كمان الموديل ده مش موجود في ولا شركة منافسه لينا ده تصميم خاص جدا للشركة بتاعتنا و اللي عاملنا التصميم ده شركة كوالالامبوريه هنديه ماليزيه اسكندرانيه (لو ما لقيتش كلام تقوله بقى) الشنطه دي كاتمه للصوت و للريحه يعني ممكن تخبي فيها قطه و ماحدش يقدر يسمعلها صوت ، و كمان دي فيها عداد يقولك انتي مشيتي كام متر انهارده خدي الاخيره بقى عليها خصم خاص جدا عرض ليوم واحد اشتري شنطة و خدي 10 هديه كل كلام البيع ده انت بتقوله و انت مبتسم من شعر راسك لضوافر رجليك ابتسم ابتسم ابتسم ابتسم بشكل ما ينرفزش الزبون لكن تكون ابتسامه من قلبك فعلا ليه و استخدم ال
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حركات ايديك و جسمك و و تعبيرات وشك بشكل يخطف الزبون
نكمل انا اتسألت اني ابيع موبايل نوكيا 1200 و كلنا نعرف ايه هو النوكيا ال 1200 طبعاالاول رحبت بيها في شركتنا و قولتلها ان وقتي كله تحت امرها لغاية ما يستقر رأيها انهارده على افضل موبايل ممكن تشتريه في حياتها بالنسبه للموبايل ده اهم ميزه فيه يا مدام انه فيه كاميرتين ، كاميرا في الخلف هنا تقدري تصوري بيها اي حاجه ، تقدري تصوري بيها صحابك ، مناظر طبيعيه ، مواقف نادره ، و كاميرا قدام هنا تقدري تصوري بيها نفسك و تستخدميها بدل المرايه في تظبيط المكياج و بدون ماحد ياخد باله من اللي هتكوني قاعده معاهم و تقدري تصوري نفسك انتي و صحابك بدون ما تحتاجي لشخص غريب تضطروا ليه عشان يصوركوا و ممكن يصوركوا و ياخد الموبايل و يجري الموبايل ده نازل معاه 24 وش هديه يعني هيكون معاكي دايما موبايل لايق على اللبس بتاعك ، لايق على لون عربيتك ، و معاه 50 قطعه اكسسوار هديه تقدري تعلقي منهم القطعه اللي تتناسب مع مودك كل يوم فسألتني الموبايل ده بكام قولتلها الموبايل ده ب 1000 جنيه بس لحسن الحظ ان انهارده في One day offer 50% و تقدر تاخد الموبايل ب 500 جنيه بس فقالتلي لا بردو كتير عليا 500 جنيه قولتلها لا بس مش كتير ع الموبايل ده المميزات اللي فيه مش موجوده في احسن منافس ليه في السوق و اللي سعره 2000 جنيه يعني انتي كده موفره 1500 جنيه + معاكي مميزات مش موجوده في ولا موبايل تاني في الفئه ديو بعدين ده حجمه صغير جداُ كنت ممكن اكمل معاها بس بصراحه هي وقفتني قالتلي كفايه كده لان الناس كلها كانت عماله تضحك م اللي انا بقوله و من طريقتي في بيع الموبايل كنا جروب حوالي 10 في الاوضه طلبت من واحد بعدي يبيعلها قلم و للأسف ما عرفش يقول كلمه واحده هي بقت متدايقه لانها شخصية محترمه جدا و عايزانا كلنا نوصل للاختبار الاخير مش عايزه حد يطلع من الاختبار بتاعها فكانت بتساعد اللي مش عارف فساعدته شوية في بيع القلم ازاي بس باعت الهوا اللي في الاوضه بطريقه مسخره الاوضه اللي احنا فيها دي مافيش زيها في العالم بسبب الهوا اللي جواها ، احنا حاطين جهاز هنا في اخر الاوضه بيمتص كل الغازات السامه و ثاني اكسيد الكربون ، و الشباك ده محطوط في مكان بدراسه عاليه جدا بحيث انه يدخل الهوا للاوضه بمعدلات تتناسب مع معدل التنفس الطبيعي لاي شخص ، و زارعين شجره هنا في الجنينه قدام الشباك على طول جايبينها من اسطنبول و اصول بزورها من الهند الشجره دي بنرويها بطريقه معينه و مثاليه بحيث تطلع اكسجين و فيتامينات يعني انت قاعد في الاوضه هنا اضمن انك بتاخد كل الفيتامينات و الاكسجين اللي جسمك محتاجله طول اليوم
خليني اسألكوا سؤال: حد فيكوا عمره فكر يبيع الهوا !!!!!!!!!!!!!!
الحاجه اللي قلتلكوا عليها هقولهالكوا في الاخر هي ان انت في انترفيو مبيعات، يعني مش بجد، افتكروا ماما كانت بتقولنا ايه زمان ع البوس اللي في الافلام "ده مش بجد دول بيبقوا حاطين ازاز بينهم عشان التمثيل بس"يا جماعه اعتبروا نفسكوا قدام كاميرا و بتمثلوا انكوا بتبيعوا يعني ممكن يبقى في ايدك قلم بريما و تقول ان ده قلم دهب و الحبر اللي فيه ما بيخلصش مدى الحياه و عليه ضمان 101 سنه ايه المشكلة يعني ، اللي بيعملك الانترفيو مش عايز يختبر مدى مصداقيتك و ادبك هو عايز يعرف انت هتقدر تقنع الزبون انه يشتري اللي في ايديك ده و لا لا يعني لازم تتخيل و تعيش الموقف بجد انك ،
افتكر احمد حلمي في صايع بحر : 2.5 2.5 2.5 ، اعتبر نفسك للحظه مصدر رزقك الوحيد في الدنيا هو الحاجه اللي في ايديك دي و بتبيعها عشان الفلوس بتاعتها دي هي اللي انت عايش عليها يعني لازم تبيع ما ينفعش زبون يمشي من غير ما تبيع
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الانترفيو الثالث
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للاسف المهم كانوا بيسألوا بشكل عشوائي و كنا جروب 5 اللي قاعدين معاهم خلى واحد مننا يقلع جاكت البدله بتاعه و يبيعه خلاص عرفنا ممكن تبيع جاكت بدله ازاي بمبدأ بقى انك هتبيع الهواء الولد ده جاوب كويس فسأله الراجل الهندي ,
و الخطوه ايه اللي بعد كده انا خلاص هشتري ، انت كبياع هتعمل ايه و ليك انت فكر شوية قبل ما تقرا الرد عشان انا بصراحه ما كنتش اعرف ايه السؤال الغريب ده عدى على الكل واحد واحد ايه رأيه انا عن نفسي قلتله هقوله
congratulation
عشان اخد قرار سليم و ان البدله دي احنا عاملين منها عدد مبيعات خيالي من ساعة ما نزلت مقارنة ببقيت الموديلات عشان اخليه يدفع و هو متطمن بس اخويا (كان معايا في الجروب ده) قال اجابه احسن مني بكتير قال هقوله طب يا فندم مش هتشتري قميص او محتاج كرافته الراجل الهندي بقى هيزغرط الولد قعد يحاول يقطع الكلام و يقوله انا فهمت انك تقصد انك اصلا كنت بتشتري بدله كامله بقميصها و كرافتتها و كل حاجه (بيحاول يشتغله يعني عشان هندي) و كان مخلي الراجل مش عارف يتكلم فالهندي قاله جمله جميله اوي: خد بالك ان انا دلوقتي عميل بالنسبالك يعني ما ينفعش ابقى انا بتكلم و انت بتقاطعني ابدا انت كده هتخسر العميل لما سأل اخويا و بص في السي في بتاعه فعشان قرا انه كان مدير لفترة فقاله اعتبر نفسك مدير فرع و دخلت دلوقتي من الباب ممكن تعمل ايه ؟
فاخويا قام و دخل من باب الاوضه و بيكلم نفسه: انا محتاج اعيد تنظيم البضاعه في الرفوف اللي هنا، محتاجين اضاءة مختلفة على الرفوف دي عشان المنتج يظهر اكتر، المنتج ده محتاجين نغير مكانه يكون في مكان ظاهر عن كده عشان بقاله كام يوم مش بيتباع
ممكن العميل مش بيشوفه كويس هنا عشان حجمه بالنسبه لحجم المكان ده، و قاله هتأكد ان مافيش اي تراب على اي بضاعه ، و ان طفاية الحريق معمول عليها المتابعه انها سليمه الراجل الهندي ما خلاهوش يكمل قاله كفايه كده و لما وصل ليا خلاني ابيعله كبايه ازاز من ابرز الحاجات اللي قولتهاله ان الكبايه دي مافيش زيها في اي مكان تاني خامتها مميزه جدا مصنوعه بتقنيات عاليه و لو رميناها ع الارض كده
(و مثلت اني برميها ع الارض بجد) مش هتتكسر ، كبايه شفافه عشان تعرف ايه اللي جواها و باقي قد ايه و انت بتشرب ، و في عليها عرض خاص جدا انهارده بس اشتري 3 و خد واحده هديه من ضمن كلام الراجل الهندي لواحد من الجروب قاله خلي بالك انا ممكن اطلب منك تبيعلي ورقه مكتوب فيها مش حتى بيضا ممكن استخدمها
و عرفت ان في واحد اترفض عشان ما عرفش يبيع موزة يعني يا جماعه الشباب اللي يروح يعمل اختبار سيلز توقع انك ممكن يتطلب منك تبيع اي حاجه و فعلا فعلا فعلا اصعب حاجه في الدنيا ممكن تبيعها هي الهوا ، كتير اوي سمعنا جملة "انا ببيع الهوا في ازايز ، و ببيع الميه في حارة السقايين" بس عمرنا ما عرفنا ازاي ،
و اديني قولتلكوا ممكن تبيعوا الهوا ازاي في انترفيو
بس يعني مش بجد يبقى اي حاجه تتطلب منك تبيعها ,,,,,,,,,,,,, هتبيع ،
و بالمناسبه اكتر درجه ممكن تاخدها في تقديم نفسك هتاخدها لو بتتكلم مع الشخص اللي قدامك على انك بضاعه و بتظهر افضل مافيها حتى انا من اميز الجمل اللي بقولها في انترفيو في الاخر : ان اهم نقطه في المعلومات الشخصية عندي اني واخد اعفاء نهائي من الجيش مش مجرد اني بقول : بالنسبة للخدمه العسكرية أنا واخد اعفاء نهائيا
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اتمنى اكون افدتكم ... و بالتوفيق
الأربعاء، 18 يناير 2012
وظائف
System Integration company requires .NET Software Developer one or more year Experience
.NET 4.0 C# MS SQL 2008 WPF WCF windows Form
HTML JavaScript Ajax ASP PHP Silverlight
hr-Team@sv-eg.com
-امين ومسئول مخازن
لمؤسسة الإيمان للأعلاف
سوف يكون مشرف على مخازن المؤسسة
يفضل الخبرة السابقة فى إدارة المخازن
يُفضَّل أن يكون من سكان محافظة الشرقية
مميزات العمل :
راتب ممتاز
ثلاث وجبات يومياً
سكن للمغتربين ملحق بمكان العمل
alemanfeed@yahoo.com
مطلوب مهندسين
للعمل فى اجهزة تحليل الكيمياء العادية و الاتوماتيكي
خبرة من 3 - 5 سنوات نفس المجال
للقاهرة و الاسكندرية
smshr8@hotmail.com
مطلوب مندوب مبيعات وتسويق خبرة فى مجال التسويق فى جميع انحاء الجمهورية
لمؤسسة الإيمان للأعلاف
يُفضل خريجي طب بيطري أو زراعة قسم دواجن
لديه القدرة على توسيع قاعدة العملاء
والتعامل مع العملاء الحاليين
alemanfeed@yahoo.com
لمجموعة مستشفيات كبرى فى المملكة العربية السعودية تتطلب التخصصات الاتية:
1- استشارين جراحة عامة(رجال)
2- طبيبات نساء و توليد (اناث)
3- اطباء تخدير (رجال)
4- اطباء باطنة و مناظير (رجال)
5- جراحين مخ و اعصاب (رجال)
6- اطباء اطفال فى مختلف التخصصات (رجال واناث)
7- اطباء اسنان (رجال و اناث)
8- ممرضات (اناث)
9- فنى اشعة (رجال)
الوظائف من (1 الى 7 ) تتطلب الحصول على درجة ماجستير كحد ادنى فى مجال التخصص خبرة لا تقل عن 7 سنوات يفضل من لديه شهادات جامعية من طب (القاهرة- الاسكندرية - عين شمس)
الوظائف (8و9) يفضل خبرة لاتقل عن 5 سنوات و اجادة اللغة الانجليزية
يرجى ارسال السير الذاتية مصحوبة بشهادات التخرج و الشهادات الاخرى مع مراعاة ذكر الوظيفة المتقدم
اليها على البريد الالكترونى CV@forbusinesseg.com
A Sales Reps needed for a large Electronics Company in Heliopolis
1-3 years of experience in sales, Salary 1300 L.E., if you are interested kindly send your C.V. to: delseyoufy@partnersce.com
Account Managers required for a Multinational company with the following qualifications: (Alex)
•3 to 5Years of sales experience with multinational organization (preferably FMCG background )
•Exposure in the Lighting Industry will definitely given preference
•Age 25 - 30 years.
•Male.
•Business /marketing degree
•Fluency in English & Arabic with strong communication skills..
•Strong organizational skills, work under pressure, team player
•Capable to establish and maintain relationships with customer
•Be able to work in a multi-cultural environment
•Computer savvy in terms of analytical & presentation skills.
Interested applicants are kindly requested to send their CVs to apply@smartmea.com quoting the job title in the subject
A Very Fast growing training center in El Mohandseen & 6th October is seeking the Following Positions:
• only from (6 October)
1-customer service
• morning shift from 9:00am to 6:00pm
• salary (750)
Candidates should have the following qualification.
1. Presentable.
2. Excellent communication skills.
3. ambitious, challenger, self motivated.
4. Very good command of English.
If you are qualified and interested to be one of our team, please send your CV to:E-Mail: hr@newvision-eg.com
Kindly mention the job title in the subject
Job title: site engineer
Location : Cairo
Gender: Male
Experience :minimum 1 year
Omar.saber@egtelsupport.com
please send your CV with the JOB TITLE site engineer in the subject
مؤسسة سعودية لتقنية المعلومات ومقرها بالرياض
موظفين إدارة سيرفرات
تعلن عن حاجتها لعدد ( 2 ) ممن يُجيدون إدارة السيرفرات
الشروط:
* أن يكون المتقدم من دولة ( مصر ).
* يشترط التفرغ التام للمتقدم للوظيفة وعدم انشغاله بدراسة او وظيفة اخرى.
* أن تكون لديه رغبة للعمل في مقر الشركه ( السعودية - الرياض ).
* خبرة لا تقل عن سنتين
* سيتم النظر الى خبرتك أكثر من السيرة الذاتية، لذلك عند ارسال السيرة الذاتية تأكد من توضيح مستواك بادارة الخوادم.
* سوف تعمل له مقابله شخصيه في القاهره قبل الإتفاق معه.
jobs@pa.com.sa
شركة كبرى تطلب موظف ادارى , سكرتير
ذو خبره
يفضل من سكان المقطم , يفضل من له خلفيه محاسبيه
hr2012a@nada-eg.net
مطلوب محاسبين
بشرط خبرة لا تقل عن سنتين عمل فى احدى الصيدليات أو المستشفيات
فقط على من يتوفر فيه الشرط سرعة إرسال السيرة الذاتية على عنوان البريد الإلكترونى الخاص بشركة السبيل
مع مراعاة إرسال السيرة الذاتية باللغة العربية وكتابة اسم المتقدم والمسمى الوظيفى فى عنوان الرساله وعنوان السيرة الذاتية حتى نستطيع تقديم افضل الخدمات لحضراتكم
ملحوظه :- لن ينظر لأى سيرة ذاتية ليست مطابقة للشروط
نشكركم على حسن تعاونكم معنا وتسهيل مهامنا
alsabeel4jobs@hotmail.com
English EFT
2-Math (SATI , SATII, GCSE)
3-Economics
4-Business
5-Accounting
6-IT
7-Class teachers for KGs
8-General science
9-Chemistry SATII
10-Biology SATII
11-English social studies
Conditions
1-At least a Bachelor’s degree in the required subject area.
2-The teacher can teach American, AP and GCSE.
3-English teachers with a teaching qualifications in TEFL/TESOL or and RSA Diploma/Certificate in teaching English as a Foreign Language and some
teaching experience, preferably in the Arab world. Will be required to teach classes ranging from the lower Primary to Secondary levels( ages 6 10 16)
4-Only candidates with near-native fluency in spoken and written will be considered for the position.
5-In case the above conditions are not fully met, and the recruitment committee is willing to recruit the candidate, it will use its discretion to negotiate a
lower salary.
6-Very important (and candidate should send a complete C.V. with recent pic and copy from all his certificates- and to write in the subject, “The name of
his specialist )
amanycompany@yahoo.com
شركة المحمل للموارد البشرية والتوظيف تطلب
مهندس مدنى من 2000 الى 2004 خبرة بالمناقصات والمشاريع الحكومية بالسعودية
مهندس ميكانيكا قوى من 2000الى 2003
فنى تبريد وتكييف مركزى سبليت شباك
فنى اتصالات وسنترالات
استروجى
فنى ستائر وكنب افرنجى
5 نجار مسلح شغل على المخطط (الرسم)
يفضل فى الجميع قيادة السيارة
المقابلات غدا الاحد الساعة 5:30 مساءا مع صاحب العمل شخصيا فى العنوان التالى
6 شارع بنى عامر متفرع من شارع مراد الجيزة الدور الثانى شقة 5
شركة المحمل للموارد البشرية والتوظيف
job@almahmal.net
مطلوب لشركه تعمل فى مجال الاتصالات
مدير مالى خبره لا تقل عن سنتين فى الاداره الماليه
برجاء ارسال الcvعلى
omar.saber@egtelsupport.com
مطلوب صيدلى حديث التخرج فورا لمجموعه صيدليات بالرياض
مطلوب صيدلى دفعه 2010 /2011
3500 راتب اساسى
1% نسبه من الزيرو
سكن اعزب
دوام 10 ساعات
للعمل فى طنطا بشركه اشبيليه لخدمات الطباعة والاكلشيهات
-محاسب
يشترط الخبرة شرط اساسى ..
الرجاء ارسال السيرة الذاتية على الايميل المرفق
ashpeliaa@yahoo.com
مندوب تسويق علاقات عامة
خبرة 3-5 سنوات مندوبا في مجال العلاقات العامة ، الإعلان ‘ الإعلام ‘ المجال الطبي ، مجال المقاولات ومعرفة وعلاقات مع الشركات الكبرى في المملكة العربية السعودية بالرياض - معرفة كاملة بشوارع
الرياض ، إتقان اللغة الانجليزية والعربية
فقط خلال 5 أيام من تاريخ هذا الاعلان
z.kamel@gulf-pr.com
.NET 4.0 C# MS SQL 2008 WPF WCF windows Form
HTML JavaScript Ajax ASP PHP Silverlight
hr-Team@sv-eg.com
-امين ومسئول مخازن
لمؤسسة الإيمان للأعلاف
سوف يكون مشرف على مخازن المؤسسة
يفضل الخبرة السابقة فى إدارة المخازن
يُفضَّل أن يكون من سكان محافظة الشرقية
مميزات العمل :
راتب ممتاز
ثلاث وجبات يومياً
سكن للمغتربين ملحق بمكان العمل
alemanfeed@yahoo.com
مطلوب مهندسين
للعمل فى اجهزة تحليل الكيمياء العادية و الاتوماتيكي
خبرة من 3 - 5 سنوات نفس المجال
للقاهرة و الاسكندرية
smshr8@hotmail.com
مطلوب مندوب مبيعات وتسويق خبرة فى مجال التسويق فى جميع انحاء الجمهورية
لمؤسسة الإيمان للأعلاف
يُفضل خريجي طب بيطري أو زراعة قسم دواجن
لديه القدرة على توسيع قاعدة العملاء
والتعامل مع العملاء الحاليين
alemanfeed@yahoo.com
لمجموعة مستشفيات كبرى فى المملكة العربية السعودية تتطلب التخصصات الاتية:
1- استشارين جراحة عامة(رجال)
2- طبيبات نساء و توليد (اناث)
3- اطباء تخدير (رجال)
4- اطباء باطنة و مناظير (رجال)
5- جراحين مخ و اعصاب (رجال)
6- اطباء اطفال فى مختلف التخصصات (رجال واناث)
7- اطباء اسنان (رجال و اناث)
8- ممرضات (اناث)
9- فنى اشعة (رجال)
الوظائف من (1 الى 7 ) تتطلب الحصول على درجة ماجستير كحد ادنى فى مجال التخصص خبرة لا تقل عن 7 سنوات يفضل من لديه شهادات جامعية من طب (القاهرة- الاسكندرية - عين شمس)
الوظائف (8و9) يفضل خبرة لاتقل عن 5 سنوات و اجادة اللغة الانجليزية
يرجى ارسال السير الذاتية مصحوبة بشهادات التخرج و الشهادات الاخرى مع مراعاة ذكر الوظيفة المتقدم
اليها على البريد الالكترونى CV@forbusinesseg.com
A Sales Reps needed for a large Electronics Company in Heliopolis
1-3 years of experience in sales, Salary 1300 L.E., if you are interested kindly send your C.V. to: delseyoufy@partnersce.com
Account Managers required for a Multinational company with the following qualifications: (Alex)
•3 to 5Years of sales experience with multinational organization (preferably FMCG background )
•Exposure in the Lighting Industry will definitely given preference
•Age 25 - 30 years.
•Male.
•Business /marketing degree
•Fluency in English & Arabic with strong communication skills..
•Strong organizational skills, work under pressure, team player
•Capable to establish and maintain relationships with customer
•Be able to work in a multi-cultural environment
•Computer savvy in terms of analytical & presentation skills.
Interested applicants are kindly requested to send their CVs to apply@smartmea.com quoting the job title in the subject
A Very Fast growing training center in El Mohandseen & 6th October is seeking the Following Positions:
• only from (6 October)
1-customer service
• morning shift from 9:00am to 6:00pm
• salary (750)
Candidates should have the following qualification.
1. Presentable.
2. Excellent communication skills.
3. ambitious, challenger, self motivated.
4. Very good command of English.
If you are qualified and interested to be one of our team, please send your CV to:E-Mail: hr@newvision-eg.com
Kindly mention the job title in the subject
Job title: site engineer
Location : Cairo
Gender: Male
Experience :minimum 1 year
Omar.saber@egtelsupport.com
please send your CV with the JOB TITLE site engineer in the subject
مؤسسة سعودية لتقنية المعلومات ومقرها بالرياض
موظفين إدارة سيرفرات
تعلن عن حاجتها لعدد ( 2 ) ممن يُجيدون إدارة السيرفرات
الشروط:
* أن يكون المتقدم من دولة ( مصر ).
* يشترط التفرغ التام للمتقدم للوظيفة وعدم انشغاله بدراسة او وظيفة اخرى.
* أن تكون لديه رغبة للعمل في مقر الشركه ( السعودية - الرياض ).
* خبرة لا تقل عن سنتين
* سيتم النظر الى خبرتك أكثر من السيرة الذاتية، لذلك عند ارسال السيرة الذاتية تأكد من توضيح مستواك بادارة الخوادم.
* سوف تعمل له مقابله شخصيه في القاهره قبل الإتفاق معه.
jobs@pa.com.sa
شركة كبرى تطلب موظف ادارى , سكرتير
ذو خبره
يفضل من سكان المقطم , يفضل من له خلفيه محاسبيه
hr2012a@nada-eg.net
مطلوب محاسبين
بشرط خبرة لا تقل عن سنتين عمل فى احدى الصيدليات أو المستشفيات
فقط على من يتوفر فيه الشرط سرعة إرسال السيرة الذاتية على عنوان البريد الإلكترونى الخاص بشركة السبيل
مع مراعاة إرسال السيرة الذاتية باللغة العربية وكتابة اسم المتقدم والمسمى الوظيفى فى عنوان الرساله وعنوان السيرة الذاتية حتى نستطيع تقديم افضل الخدمات لحضراتكم
ملحوظه :- لن ينظر لأى سيرة ذاتية ليست مطابقة للشروط
نشكركم على حسن تعاونكم معنا وتسهيل مهامنا
alsabeel4jobs@hotmail.com
English EFT
2-Math (SATI , SATII, GCSE)
3-Economics
4-Business
5-Accounting
6-IT
7-Class teachers for KGs
8-General science
9-Chemistry SATII
10-Biology SATII
11-English social studies
Conditions
1-At least a Bachelor’s degree in the required subject area.
2-The teacher can teach American, AP and GCSE.
3-English teachers with a teaching qualifications in TEFL/TESOL or and RSA Diploma/Certificate in teaching English as a Foreign Language and some
teaching experience, preferably in the Arab world. Will be required to teach classes ranging from the lower Primary to Secondary levels( ages 6 10 16)
4-Only candidates with near-native fluency in spoken and written will be considered for the position.
5-In case the above conditions are not fully met, and the recruitment committee is willing to recruit the candidate, it will use its discretion to negotiate a
lower salary.
6-Very important (and candidate should send a complete C.V. with recent pic and copy from all his certificates- and to write in the subject, “The name of
his specialist )
amanycompany@yahoo.com
شركة المحمل للموارد البشرية والتوظيف تطلب
مهندس مدنى من 2000 الى 2004 خبرة بالمناقصات والمشاريع الحكومية بالسعودية
مهندس ميكانيكا قوى من 2000الى 2003
فنى تبريد وتكييف مركزى سبليت شباك
فنى اتصالات وسنترالات
استروجى
فنى ستائر وكنب افرنجى
5 نجار مسلح شغل على المخطط (الرسم)
يفضل فى الجميع قيادة السيارة
المقابلات غدا الاحد الساعة 5:30 مساءا مع صاحب العمل شخصيا فى العنوان التالى
6 شارع بنى عامر متفرع من شارع مراد الجيزة الدور الثانى شقة 5
شركة المحمل للموارد البشرية والتوظيف
job@almahmal.net
مطلوب لشركه تعمل فى مجال الاتصالات
مدير مالى خبره لا تقل عن سنتين فى الاداره الماليه
برجاء ارسال الcvعلى
omar.saber@egtelsupport.com
مطلوب صيدلى حديث التخرج فورا لمجموعه صيدليات بالرياض
مطلوب صيدلى دفعه 2010 /2011
3500 راتب اساسى
1% نسبه من الزيرو
سكن اعزب
دوام 10 ساعات
للعمل فى طنطا بشركه اشبيليه لخدمات الطباعة والاكلشيهات
-محاسب
يشترط الخبرة شرط اساسى ..
الرجاء ارسال السيرة الذاتية على الايميل المرفق
ashpeliaa@yahoo.com
مندوب تسويق علاقات عامة
خبرة 3-5 سنوات مندوبا في مجال العلاقات العامة ، الإعلان ‘ الإعلام ‘ المجال الطبي ، مجال المقاولات ومعرفة وعلاقات مع الشركات الكبرى في المملكة العربية السعودية بالرياض - معرفة كاملة بشوارع
الرياض ، إتقان اللغة الانجليزية والعربية
فقط خلال 5 أيام من تاريخ هذا الاعلان
z.kamel@gulf-pr.com
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